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  • Difference between revisions of "DTOI Bibliography Bakup Oct 25 2023"

    Revision as of 06:05, 27 October 2023 (edit)
    Dr.davidcring (Talk | contribs)
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    <h1 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center"><strong>Bibliography for Descartes's theory of ideas</strong></h1>
     
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    <p class="has-text-align-center"><img class="wp-image-192" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_9C5A3171-B403-441A-94C9-0B1B9EEC37D6-scaled.jpeg" alt=""></p>
     
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    <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="#primary-sources">Primary Sources</a></div>
     
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    <h1 class="wp-block-heading" id="primary-sources"><strong>Primary Sources</strong></h1>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Thomas_Aquinas" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Thomas_Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> (1225–1274)</strong></h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point.">  [<strong>ST</strong>] <a href="http://www.documenta-catholica.eu/d_1225-1274-%20Thomas%20Aquinas%20-%20Summa%20Theologiae%20-%20Prima%20Pars%20-%20EN.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.documenta-catholica.eu/d_1225-1274-%20Thomas%20Aquinas%20-%20Summa%20Theologiae%20-%20Prima%20Pars%20-%20EN.pdf">Summa Theologica</a>. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Allen, TX: Christian Classics, 1948/1981.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point.">  [<strong>SCG</strong>] <em><a href="http://basilica.ca/documents/2016/10/St.%20Thomas%20Aquinas-The%20Summa%20Contra%20Gentiles.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://basilica.ca/documents/2016/10/St.%20Thomas%20Aquinas-The%20Summa%20Contra%20Gentiles.pdf">Summa Contra Gentiles</a></em>. Books I-IV. Translated by V. J. Bourke. Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975.</p>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (384–322 BC)</strong></h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point.">  <a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/soul.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/soul.html">De Anima</a> "<a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/soul.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/soul.html">On the Soul</a>," translated by J. A. Smith. In ''Introduction to Aristotle'', 2nd Edition. Edited by Richard McKeon, 153–247. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.</p>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld">Antoine Arnauld</a> (1616–1698)</strong></h2>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><a href="http://www.google.com/books/edition/On_True_and_False_Ideas/ux-8AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image.jpeg" alt="The pink book cover of Antoine Arnauld's " class="wp-image-222" style="width:350px;height:533px"/></a></figure>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> Borrow the <a href="https://archive.org/details/ontruefalseideas00arna" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/ontruefalseideas00arna">Internet Archive's copy of "On True and False Ideas" (St. Martens Press, 1990)</a></p>
     
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    <p> <img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="http://www.google.com/books/edition/On_True_and_False_Ideas/ux-8AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.google.com/books/edition/On_True_and_False_Ideas/ux-8AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover">On True and False Ideas</a></em>. English translation and introductory essay by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1990.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> "<a href="http://www.scribd.com/document/239513383/Arnauld-on-Ideas#" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.scribd.com/document/239513383/Arnauld-on-Ideas#">Chs. 4 &amp; 5.</a>" English translation of <em><a href="http://www.scribd.com/document/239513383/Arnauld-on-Ideas#" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.scribd.com/document/239513383/Arnauld-on-Ideas#">On True and False Ideas</a></em>.<br></p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Des_vraies_et_des_fausses_id%C3%A9es.html?id=GyDezP0iXaQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Des_vraies_et_des_fausses_id%C3%A9es.html?id=GyDezP0iXaQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Des vraies et des fausses idées</a>.  </em>French translation, presentation, and notes by Denis Moreau. Paris: Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, 2011. </p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Des_vraies_et_des_fausses_id%C3%A9es.html?id=GyDezP0iXaQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8290-653x1024.jpeg" alt="Book cover for Antoine Arnauld's &quot;The True and False Ideas.&quot;" class="wp-image-659" style="width:470px;height:751px"/></a></figure>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld">Arnauld</a>, <a href="https://iep.utm.edu/antoine-arnauld/">Antoine</a>.  <em><a href="https://iep.utm.edu/portroyl/">The Art of Thinking: Port-Royal Logic</a></em>, translated by James Dickhoff and Patricia  James, New York: Library of Liberal Arts, 1964.</p>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo">St. Augustine of Hippo</a> (354–430)</strong></h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="http://archive.org/details/cityofgod0000augu_s2h8" data-type="link" data-id="http://archive.org/details/cityofgod0000augu_s2h8">City of God</a></em> (<em>De Civitate Dei</em>).] Translated by Henry Bettenson. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/878621/reviews?reviewFilters=%7B%22workId%22:%22kca://work/amzn1.gr.work.v1.4sCxQXvFc3QKcjBIYIBeXQ%22,%22after%22:%22NTIsMTY0Mjg5MDQ5NTQ1OA%22%7D" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/878621/reviews?reviewFilters=%7B%22workId%22:%22kca://work/amzn1.gr.work.v1.4sCxQXvFc3QKcjBIYIBeXQ%22,%22after%22:%22NTIsMTY0Mjg5MDQ5NTQ1OA%22%7D">On Free Choice of the Will</a></em> (<em>De Libero Arbitrio</em>).] Translated by Anna S. Benjamin and L. H. Hackstaff. New York: Macmillan, 1964.</p>
     
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    <p class="has-text-align-center"><img class="wp-image-550" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_524E9BAF-BA3C-4541-A76D-5E52746E5107b-1.jpeg" alt="A framed color graphic of the sideways cutout of a brain facing left labeled with many categories found in Descartes's theory of ideas."></p>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes">René Descartes</a> (1596–1650)</h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <a href="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf"><em>Discourse on the Method</em> and <em>Meditations on First Philosophy</em></a>. 4th edition. Translated by <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/donald-cress">Donald A</a>. <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Donald%20A.%20Cress" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Donald%20A.%20Cress">Cress</a>. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/descartes" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/descartes">Early Modern Texts</a></em> translated by <a href="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett">Jonathan</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)">Bennett</a> (b. 1930) with over thirty different sections of Descartes's writings (see screen capture below for contents) available over the internet for the general public. Click the hyperlinks or anywhere on the screenshot below to go to Bennett's translations into English of <a href="http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/descartes" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/descartes">Early Modern Texts by Descartes</a>. To return to <a href="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/2023/09/04/dtoi-bibliography/" data-type="post" data-id="190">DTOI BIBLIOGRAPHY</a>, click on your back arrow where they might look like this <img class="wp-image-247" style="width: 41px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6272.png" alt="A black graphic inage of a curved and pointing to the left back arrow used to return to your previous URL.">, or this <img class="wp-image-246" style="width: 20px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6273.png" alt="A black graphic image of a pointed to left pinnacle of a right angled figure like a triangle pointing left with the base line  missing used to return to your previous URL.">, or likely this <img class="wp-image-404" style="width: 32px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_929C1253-DBCC-4957-B813-5B9406274C80-e1694209141282.png" alt="A black graphic image of an arrow with straight lines facing left used as a clickable back arrow for returning to previous URL."> .</p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><a href="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/descartes"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image-2-569x1024.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-231" style="width:841px;height:1514px"/></a></figure>
     
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    <p>Click  on screenshot below to access the displayed hyperlinks to those documents.  To return to <a href="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/2023/09/04/dtoi-bibliography/" data-type="post" data-id="190">DTOI BIBLIOGRAPHY</a>, click on your back arrow where they might look like this <img class="wp-image-247" style="width: 41px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6272.png" alt="A black graphic inage of a curved and pointing to the left back arrow used to return to your previous URL."> or this <img class="wp-image-246" style="width: 20px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6273.png" alt="A black graphic image of a pointed to left pinnacle of a right angled figure like a triangle pointing left with the base line  missing used to return to your previous URL.">, or likely this <img class="wp-image-404" style="width: 32px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_929C1253-DBCC-4957-B813-5B9406274C80-e1694209141282.png" alt="A black graphic image of an arrow with straight lines facing left used as a clickable back arrow for returning to previous URL.">.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> [<strong>AT</strong>] <a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Œuvres_de_Descartes/Édition_Adam_et_Tannery" data-type="link" data-id="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Œuvres_de_Descartes/Édition_Adam_et_Tannery">Œuvres de Descartes/Édition Adam et Tannery</a>, edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery, 1897–1913.  See hyperlinked screenshot below for contents.  To read the contents, click first on the screenshot, then on the desired Tome volume in Roman numerals which takes you to a Wiki page.  In the left column of that new page, click on the Internet Archive hyperlink.</p>
     
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    <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Œuvres_de_Descartes/Édition_Adam_et_Tannery" data-type="link" data-id="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Œuvres_de_Descartes/Édition_Adam_et_Tannery"><img class="wp-image-310" style="width: 750px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_6EF73DC8-4AAD-4317-8932-4BAC38A1F6F0-scaled.jpeg" alt="A screen capture of the hyperlinks page to the Oeuvres of Descartes in 12 volumes edited by Charles Adams and Paul Tannery."></a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://archive.org/details/uvresdedescartes10desc" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/uvresdedescartes10desc"><img class="wp-image-1247" style="width: 300px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9163.jpeg" alt="The title page of &quot;Oeuvres de Descartes,&quot; edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery (1897) including: Physico-Mathematica, Compendium Musicae, Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, Recherche de la Verité, Supplement a la Correspondence."></a>  or even easier, just click on this <a href="https://www.archive.org/details/uvresdedescartes10desc" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.archive.org/details/uvresdedescartes10desc">Internet Archive</a> or the hyperlink in the box below.</p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><th>Bibliothèque</th><td><a href="https://archive.org/details/uvresdedescartes10desc">Internet</a><a href="https://www.archive.org/details/uvresdedescartes10desc"> Archive</a></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> Descartes — <a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Livre:Descartes_-_Œuvres,_éd._Adam_et_Tannery,_VII.djvu" data-type="link" data-id="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Livre:Descartes_-_Œuvres,_éd._Adam_et_Tannery,_VII.djvu"><em>Œuvres</em>, tome VII: Meditationes de prima philosophia</a>, edited by Charles Adam and Paul Tannery, VII. Paris: 1897–1910 and 1964–1978; Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1996. Latin text.</p>
     
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    <p> <img class="wp-image-1263" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9167.jpeg" alt="A screen capture of a public domain version of Elizabeth S. Haldane's translation of Descartes's &quot;Meditations on First Philosophy.&quot;"></p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547481/page/n3/mode/2up" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547481/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archives selected Descartes's writings</a> (see screenshot for contents) translated by Haldane and Ross (1901) with <em>The Geometry</em> translated by David Eugene Smith.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547481/page/n3/mode/2up" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547481/page/n3/mode/2up"><img class="wp-image-462" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_7331-scaled.jpeg" alt=""></a></p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf">Discourse on Method </a></em><a href="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf">and</a><em><a href="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf"> Meditations on First Philosophy</a></em>, 4th ed. Translated by Donald A. Cress. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Co., 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59/59-h/59-h.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://grattoncourses.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/rene-descartes-discourse-on-method-and-meditations-on-first-philosophy-4th-ed-hackett-pub-co-1998.pdf">Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy</a></em>. Translated by John Veitch. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/">Project Gutenberg</a>. Release date June 28, 1995 (eBook #59). Updated May 13, 2022. Produced by Ilana and Greg Newby.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gVwFDgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books?id=gVwFDgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US&amp;focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Meditations on First Philosophy — A Bilingual Edition</a></em>. Introduced, edited, translated, and indexed by <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Heffernan" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Heffernan">George</a> <a href="https://www.merrimack.edu/wp-content/uploads/2954-heffernangeorgepdf.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.merrimack.edu/wp-content/uploads/2954-heffernangeorgepdf.pdf">Heffernan</a>. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990. The book has Descartes's Latin on every left page with Heffernan's English translations on the right page.</p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj78hx"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/image-5.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-264" style="width:801px;height:621px"/></a></figure>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> [<strong>Principles</strong>] <em><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/489458579/Collection-des-Travaux-de-L-Academie-Internationale-D-Histoire-des-Sciences-No-30-24-Valentine-Rodger-Miller-Reese-P-Miller-auth-Rene-Descartes" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/489458579/Collection-des-Travaux-de-L-Academie-Internationale-D-Histoire-des-Sciences-No-30-24-Valentine-Rodger-Miller-Reese-P-Miller-auth-Rene-Descartes">Principles of Philosophy</a></em>. Translated by Valentine Rodger Miller and Reese P. Miller. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Meditations.html?id=PLR_A6_jCKAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Meditations.html?id=PLR_A6_jCKAC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes’ Meditations: Background Source Materials</a></em>.  Edited by Roger Ariew, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, and Tom Sorell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. <a href="https://archive.org/details/0058-descartes-conversation-with-burman">Descartes' Conversation with Burman</a>. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1976.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://www.academia.edu/85355028/Descartes_Conversation_with_Burman?email_work_card=view-paper" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.academia.edu/85355028/Descartes_Conversation_with_Burman?email_work_card=view-paper">John Rogers's Review</a>. <em>International Philosophical Quarterly</em>, 1977.</li>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/ipq/content/ipq_1977_0017_0004_0496_0497" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.pdcnet.org/ipq/content/ipq_1977_0017_0004_0496_0497">Christopher Clay's Review</a> in <em>International Philosophical Quarterly</em> 17, no. 4, 496–97, December, 1977.</li>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)">Bennett</a>, <a href="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett">Jonathan</a>. <a href="https://earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/descartes1648.pdf">Conversation with Burman</a>. <a href="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/authors/descartes">EarlyModernTexts.com</a>, 2017.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> An <a href="http://www.unipune.ac.in/snc/cssh/ipq/english/IPQ/21-25%20volumes/23%2001%20&amp;%2002/PDF/23-1&amp;2-16.pdf">89 page Descartes bibliography</a> with 42 entries for works by Descartes, 9 compiled Cartesian bibliographies, 263 books on Descartes, and over 1,087 journal articles from 1920 to 1995.</p>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/malebranche/" data-type="link" data-id="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/malebranche/">Nicolas</a> <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" data-type="link" data-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche">Malebranche</a></strong> (1638–1715)</h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/CambridgeTextsInTheHistoryOfPhilosophyNicolasMalebrancheThomasM.LennonPaulJ.Olsc" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/CambridgeTextsInTheHistoryOfPhilosophyNicolasMalebrancheThomasM.LennonPaulJ.Olsc">Elucidations of The Search After Truth</a></em>. Edited and translated by Thomas Lennon, in <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Malebranche_The_Search_After_Truth.html?id=ybYLfAw_084C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Malebranche_The_Search_After_Truth.html?id=ybYLfAw_084C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Search after Truth</a></em>, edited and translated by Thomas Lennon and Paul Olscamp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997.</p>
     
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    <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez">Francisco Suárez</a> (1548 – 1617)</strong></h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> [<strong>DM</strong>] <em><a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/metaphysical-disputation-i-on-the-nature-of-first-philosophy-or-metaphysics/">Disputationes Metaphysicae</a></em>. In <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/rpfranciscisuare25suar" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/rpfranciscisuare25suar">Opera Omnia</a></em>. Edited by Carob Berton. Paris: Vives, 1856-66, Vols. 25–26.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> "<a href="https://archive.org/details/onefficientcausa1994suar/page/n5/mode/2up" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/onefficientcausa1994suar/page/n5/mode/2up">On Efficient Causality</a>." In <em>Metaphysical Disputations</em> 17, 18 &amp; 19. Translated by A. J. Freddoso. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-220" style="width: 28px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_6102.png" alt="A flaming yellow, black, and white star used as a bullet point."> "<a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/francisco-suarez-on-beings-of-reason-and-non-strict.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0019.027;format=pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/francisco-suarez-on-beings-of-reason-and-non-strict.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0019.027;format=pdf">On Beings of Reason</a>." In <em>Metaphysical Disputations</em> 54. Translated by John P. Doyle. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1995.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_McCord_Adams" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_McCord_Adams">Adams, Marilyn McCord</a>. <em><a href="https://www.perlego.com/book/1432739/william-ockham-two-volume-set-pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.perlego.com/book/1432739/william-ockham-two-volume-set-pdf">William Ockham</a></em>. Vols. 1–2. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Merrihew_Adams" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Merrihew_Adams">Adams</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/122/2013/10/curvitae-12.doc" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/122/2013/10/curvitae-12.doc">Robert Merrihew</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/ADAWDO-3" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/ADAWDO-3">Where Do Our Ideas Come From? Descartes vs. Locke</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Innate_Ideas.html?id=OjlZ6KNLVFoC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Innate_Ideas.html?id=OjlZ6KNLVFoC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Innate Ideas</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.stephenstich.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.stephenstich.com/">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Stich" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Stich">Stich</a>, 71–87. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900">Alanen</a>, <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen">Lilli</a>. <a href="http://www.google.com/books/edition/Descartes_s_Concept_of_Mind/c0Z7LQuFtTYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.google.com/books/edition/Descartes_s_Concept_of_Mind/c0Z7LQuFtTYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover">Descartes's Concept of Mind</a>. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2003. See <a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-s-concept-of-mind/" data-type="link" data-id="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-s-concept-of-mind/">Desmond M. Clarke's Review</a>; <a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/digitalAssets/491/c_491196-l_3-k_publications-la-updated-2018-.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/digitalAssets/491/c_491196-l_3-k_publications-la-updated-2018-.pdf">Lilli Alanen's publications</a> (updated to 2018); <a href="https://www.lib.uci.edu/library/publications/philosophy/alanen.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.lib.uci.edu/library/publications/philosophy/alanen.html">Lilli Alanen's bibliography</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900">Alanen</a>, <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen">Lilli</a>. “<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/ALATRO-8">The Role of Will in Descartes’ Account of Judgment</a>.” In&nbsp;<em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A">Descartes’ Meditations: A Critical Guide</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/people/karen-detlefsen">Karen</a> <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/karen-detlefsen">Detlefsen</a>, 176–99. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900">Alanen</a>, <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen">Lilli</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-descartes-meditations/second-meditation-and-the-nature-of-the-human-mind/9DB282F76AC689DFAB6380ED11CAC025" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-descartes-meditations/second-meditation-and-the-nature-of-the-human-mind/9DB282F76AC689DFAB6380ED11CAC025">The Second Meditation and the Nature of the Human Mind</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-descartes-meditations/D073F1FFC0B4735C63E45D490A18D025" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-descartes-meditations/D073F1FFC0B4735C63E45D490A18D025">The Cambridge Companion to Descartes’ Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">David</a> <a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">Cunning</a>, 88–106. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900">Alanen</a>, <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen">Lilli</a>. "<a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sensory-Ideas%2C-Objective-Reality-and-Material-Alanen/183868102d41abeb382c0899f69128019dad2e41" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sensory-Ideas%2C-Objective-Reality-and-Material-Alanen/183868102d41abeb382c0899f69128019dad2e41">Sensory Ideas, Objective Reality and Material Falsity</a>." In <em><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/225797" data-type="link" data-id="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/225797">Reason, Will and Sensation: Studies in Descartes's Metaphysics</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, 229–50. New York, NY: The Clarendon Press, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900">Alanen</a>, <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen">Lilli</a>. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20014395" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20014395">Thought-Talk: Descartes and Sellars on Intentionality</a>." <em>American Philosophical Quarterly</em> 29, no. 1 (1992): 19–34.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosofi.uu.se/news/?tarContentId=976900">Alanen</a>, <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Lilli%20Alanen">Lilli</a>. "<a href="https://www.cairn.info/descartes--9782130462231-page-205.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cairn.info/descartes--9782130462231-page-205.htm">Une certain faussete materielle: Descartes et Arnauld sur l'origine de l'erreur dans la perception sensorielle</a>." In <em>Descartes. Objecter et Repondre</em>, edited by Jean-Marie Beyssade and Jean-Luc Marion, 206–30. Paris: PUF, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Alqui%C3%A9" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Alqui%C3%A9">Alquié</a>, <a href="https://peoplepill.com/i/ferdinand-alquie" data-type="link" data-id="https://peoplepill.com/i/ferdinand-alquie">Ferdinand</a>. <em><a href="https://www.puf.com/content/La_d%C3%A9couverte_m%C3%A9taphysique_de_lhomme_chez_Descartes" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.puf.com/content/La_d%C3%A9couverte_m%C3%A9taphysique_de_lhomme_chez_Descartes">La découverte métaphysique de l'homme chez Descartes</a></em>. Paris: PUF, 2000.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://it.linkedin.com/in/elisa-angelini-00b09a75" data-type="link" data-id="https://it.linkedin.com/in/elisa-angelini-00b09a75">Angelini, Elisa</a>. <em><a href="https://www.edizioniets.com/scheda.asp?n=978-884671669-9" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.puf.com/content/La_d%C3%A9couverte_m%C3%A9taphysique_de_lhomme_chez_Descartes">Le idee e le cose. La teoria della percezione di Descartes</a></em>. <a href="https://www.edizioniets.com/scheda.asp?n=978-884671669-9" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.puf.com/content/La_d%C3%A9couverte_m%C3%A9taphysique_de_lhomme_chez_Descartes"><img class="wp-image-569" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_7971.jpeg" alt="The white book cover for &quot;Le idee e le cose. La theoria della percepzione di Descartes.&quot;"></a>  Pisa: Edizione ETS (Series: Philosophica), 2007. English translation of title: <em>Ideas and things.&nbsp;The theory of perception of Descartes.</em></p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44024107" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44024107">Emiliano Ferrari's Review</a>.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ronald%20Arbini" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Ronald%20Arbini">Arbini</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.ucdavis.edu/graduate/student-resources/graduate-forms-and-information/2006-graduate-handbook%23registration#faculty" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.ucdavis.edu/graduate/student-resources/graduate-forms-and-information/2006-graduate-handbook%23registration#faculty">Ronald</a>. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/227002/pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/227002/pdf">Did Descartes Have a Philosophical Theory of Sense Perception</a>." <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/12308" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/12308">Journal of the History of Philosophy 21, no. 3 (July 1983)</a>: 317–37.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a>. <em><a href="http://www.scribd.com/document/486548904/Ariew-Roger-Descartes-and-the-Last-Scholastics-1999-Cornell-University-Press-libgen-lc-pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.scribd.com/document/486548904/Ariew-Roger-Descartes-and-the-Last-Scholastics-1999-Cornell-University-Press-libgen-lc-pdf">Descartes and the Last Scholastics</a></em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a>. <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/342824091/Descartes-Among-the-Scholastics"><em>Descartes Among the Scholastics</em></a>. Leiden,&nbsp;The&nbsp;Netherlands: Koninklijke&nbsp;Brill&nbsp;NV, 2011.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-descartes/descartes-and-scholasticism/E34F7BC34304365693C9F2255458DA75" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-descartes/descartes-and-scholasticism/E34F7BC34304365693C9F2255458DA75">Descartes and Scholasticism: The Intellectual Background to Descartes' Thought</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Descartes.html?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Descartes.html?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, 58–90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Revised version in <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_the_Last_Scholastics.html?id=adxa2TnF5VMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_the_Last_Scholastics.html?id=adxa2TnF5VMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes and the Last Scholastics</a></em>, 7–35. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113220652/https://www.phil.vt.edu/people/memoriam.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113220652/https://www.phil.vt.edu/people/memoriam.html">Marjorie</a><em> </em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene">Grene</a><em>. "</em><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4130453" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4130453">The Cartesian Destiny of Form and Matter</a><em>." Early Comparative Philosophy Science and Medicine</em> 3 (1997): 300–25.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113220652/https://www.phil.vt.edu/people/memoriam.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113220652/https://www.phil.vt.edu/people/memoriam.html">Marjorie</a><em> </em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene">Grene</a>, eds. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_His_Contemporaries.html?id=zXG1OfDLp1IC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_His_Contemporaries.html?id=zXG1OfDLp1IC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes and His Contemporaries: Meditations, Objections, and Replies</a></em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a>, <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113220652/https://www.phil.vt.edu/people/memoriam.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113220652/https://www.phil.vt.edu/people/memoriam.html">Marjorie</a><em> </em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene">Grene</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2710008" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2710008">Ideas, In and Before Descartes</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Ideas</em>, 56, no. 1 (1995): 87–106.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Atherton" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Atherton">Atherton</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Margaret%20Atherton" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Margaret%20Atherton">Margaret</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/ATHGIL" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/ATHGIL">Green Is like Bread:&nbsp;The Nature of Descartes’ Account of Color Perception</a>." In <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3">Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ralph%20Schumacher">Ralph</a> <a href="https://educ.ethz.ch/lernzentren/mint-lernzentrum/ueber-das-mint-lernzentrum/mitarbeiter-und-projekte/ralph-schumacher.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://educ.ethz.ch/lernzentren/mint-lernzentrum/ueber-das-mint-lernzentrum/mitarbeiter-und-projekte/ralph-schumacher.html">Schumacher</a>, 27–42. Paderborn: Mentis, 2004.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers">Ayers</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers">Michael Richard</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/ideas-and-objective-being/697E61C068C2FFF06F9ABEE866443F80#" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/ideas-and-objective-being/697E61C068C2FFF06F9ABEE866443F80#">Ideas and Objective Being</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/A13C0C0226F7B31FB9F03429001A5837" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/A13C0C0226F7B31FB9F03429001A5837">The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Daniel%20Garber&amp;eventCode=SE-AU" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Daniel%20Garber&amp;eventCode=SE-AU">Daniel</a> <a href="https://philosophy.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf2381/files/person/cv/garber_cv_2-18.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf2381/files/person/cv/garber_cv_2-18.pdf">Garber</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers">Michael Ayers</a>, 1062–1107. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Park_Baker">Baker</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/G.%20P.%20Baker">Gordon</a> and <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/K.%20J.%20Morris">Katherine</a> J. <a href="https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/dr-katherine-morris" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/dr-katherine-morris">Morris</a>.&nbsp;<em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Descartes_Dualism/oeZQstYQLIsC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Descartes_Dualism/oeZQstYQLIsC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover">Descartes' Dualism</a></em>. London: Routledge, 1996.</p>
     
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    <li>See <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0149.00065" data-type="link" data-id="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0149.00065">Stephen Nadler’s Review</a>. <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?pub=780">Philosophical Books</a></em>&nbsp;38, no. 1 (1997): 157–69.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Park_Baker">Baker</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/G.%20P.%20Baker">Gordon</a> and <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/K.%20J.%20Morris">Katherine</a> J. <a href="https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/dr-katherine-morris" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/dr-katherine-morris">Morris</a>.&nbsp;"<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09608789308570871" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09608789308570871">Descartes Unlocked</a>."&nbsp;<em>British Journal for the History of Philosophy</em> 1, no. 1 (1993): 1–27.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth">Barth</a>, <a href="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth" data-type="link" data-id="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth">Christian</a>. "<a href="http://www.academia.edu/30352350/Descartes_on_Intentionality_Conscientia_and_Phenomenal_Consciousness_Studia_philosophica_" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.academia.edu/30352350/Descartes_on_Intentionality_Conscientia_and_Phenomenal_Consciousness_Studia_philosophica_">Descartes on Intentionality, Conscientia, and Phenomenal Consciousness</a>." <em>Studia Philisophica</em>  75 (2016): 17–32. <a href="http://doi.org/10.24894/StPh-en.2016.75003">http://doi.org/10.24894/StPh-en.2016.75003</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth">Barth</a>, <a href="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth" data-type="link" data-id="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth">Christian</a>. <em><a href="http://www.academia.edu/33262367/Intentionalität_und_Bewusstsein_in_der_frühen_Neuzeit_Klostermann_" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.academia.edu/33262367/Intentionalität_und_Bewusstsein_in_der_frühen_Neuzeit_Klostermann_">Intentionalität und Bewusstsein in der frühen Neuzeit: Die Philosophie des Geistes von René Descartes und Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a></em>. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 2017.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth">Barth</a>, <a href="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth" data-type="link" data-id="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth">Christian</a>. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43695745" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.jstor.org/stable/43695745">Leibnizian <em>Conscientia</em> and its Cartesian Roots</a>." <em>Studia Leibnitiana</em> 43, no. 2 (2011): 216–36.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/christian-barth">Barth</a>, <a href="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth" data-type="link" data-id="http://hu-berlin.academia.edu/ChristianBarth">Christian</a>. "<a href="http://www.academia.edu/36970430/Sellars_on_Descartes_book_chapter_Routledge_" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.academia.edu/36970430/Sellars_on_Descartes_book_chapter_Routledge_">Sellars on Descartes</a>." In <em><a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/CORSAT-15" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/rec/CORSAT-15">Sellars and the History of Modern Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="http://philpeople.org/profiles/luca-corti" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpeople.org/profiles/luca-corti">Luca Corti</a> and <a href="http://philpapers.org/s/Antonio%20M.%20Nunziante" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/s/Antonio%20M.%20Nunziante">Antonio Nunzinate,</a> 15–35. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)">Bennett</a>, <a href="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett">Jonathan</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2186100" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2186100">Descartes' Theory of Modality</a>." <em>The Philosophical Review</em> 103, no. 4 (1994): 639–67.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(philosopher)">Bennett</a>, <a href="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/faqs/bennett">Jonathan</a>. <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/lockeberkeleyhum0000benn" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/lockeberkeleyhum0000benn">Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central Themes</a></em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/227890" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/227890">Steven Rappaport's rather scathing review</a>.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2018-2-page-305.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2018-2-page-305.htm">Beyssade</a>, <a href="http://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Beyssade" data-type="link" data-id="http://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Beyssade">Jean-Marie</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23945454">La classification cartésienne des passions</a>."&nbsp;<em>Revue Internationale de Philosophie</em> <a class="  " href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i23945447">37, no. 146 (1983)</a>: 278–87.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2018-2-page-305.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2018-2-page-305.htm">Beyssade</a>, <a href="http://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Beyssade" data-type="link" data-id="http://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Beyssade">Jean-Marie</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/BEYDOM-2">Descartes on Material Falsity</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.ridgeviewpublishing.com/NAKS.html">Minds, Ideas and Objects. Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy</a></em>, Vol. 2 of the North American Kant Society Studies in Philosophy, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Phillip%20D.%20Cummins">Phillip D.</a> <a href="https://clas.uiowa.edu/philosophy/people/phillip-d-cummins">Cummins</a> and <a href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/GZoeller">Guenter</a> <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Guenter%20Zoeller">Zoeller</a>, 5–20. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview Press, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2018-2-page-305.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2018-2-page-305.htm">Beyssade</a>, <a href="http://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Beyssade" data-type="link" data-id="http://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Beyssade">Jean-Marie</a>. <em><a href="http://www.senscritique.com/livre/La_Philosophie_premiere_de_Descartes/45500056" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.senscritique.com/livre/La_Philosophie_premiere_de_Descartes/45500056">La Philosophie Première de Descartes le Temps Et la Cohérence de la Métaphysique</a></em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1979.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.rutgers.edu/people/regular-faculty/regular-faculty-profile/182-regular-faculty-full-time/567-bolton-martha-brandt" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.rutgers.edu/people/regular-faculty/regular-faculty-profile/182-regular-faculty-full-time/567-bolton-martha-brandt">Bolton</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/martha-bolton" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Martha%20Bolton&amp;eventCode=SE-AU">Martha</a>. "<a href="https://www.academia.edu/75540459/16_Confused_and_Obscure_Ideas_of_Sense">Confused and Obscure Ideas of Sense</a>." In <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie O.</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, Ch. 16., 389–403. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.rutgers.edu/people/regular-faculty/regular-faculty-profile/182-regular-faculty-full-time/567-bolton-martha-brandt" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.rutgers.edu/people/regular-faculty/regular-faculty-profile/182-regular-faculty-full-time/567-bolton-martha-brandt">Bolton</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/martha-bolton" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Martha%20Bolton&amp;eventCode=SE-AU">Martha</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/universals-essences-and-abstract-entities/91CA0D3E59345B8757A389FC7F1E88A5" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/universals-essences-and-abstract-entities/91CA0D3E59345B8757A389FC7F1E88A5">Universals, Essences, and Abstract Entities</a>." In <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0002unse_j9i6" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0002unse_j9i6">The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a> and <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers">Michael Richard</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers">Ayers</a>, 178–211. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.cofc.edu/faculty-staff-listing/boyle-deborah.php" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.cofc.edu/faculty-staff-listing/boyle-deborah.php">Boyle, Deborah A</a>. <em><a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/descartes-on-innate-ideas-9781441102874/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/descartes-on-innate-ideas-9781441102874/">Descartes on Innate Ideas</a></em>. London: Continuum, 2009.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.cofc.edu/faculty-staff-listing/boyle-deborah.php" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.cofc.edu/faculty-staff-listing/boyle-deborah.php">Boyle, Deborah A</a>. "<a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/schoolman/content/schoolman_2000_0078_0001_0035_0051" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.pdcnet.org/schoolman/content/schoolman_2000_0078_0001_0035_0051">Descartes on Innate Ideas</a>."&nbsp;<em>The Modern Schoolman</em>&nbsp;78 (November 2000): 35–50.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.cofc.edu/faculty-staff-listing/boyle-deborah.php" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.cofc.edu/faculty-staff-listing/boyle-deborah.php">Boyle, Deborah A</a>. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/228743/pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/228743/pdf">Descartes' Natural Light Reconsidered</a>."&nbsp;<em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em>&nbsp;37, no. 4 (October 1999): 601–12.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton">Broughton</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9">Janet</a> and <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero">John</a> <a href="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/">Carriero</a> eds. <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ronald%20Arbini" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Ronald%20Arbini">A Companion to Descartes</a>. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton">Broughton</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9">Janet</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_s_Method_of_Doubt.html?id=nannymrP6d8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_s_Method_of_Doubt.html?id=nannymrP6d8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes’s Method of Doubt</a></em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton">Broughton</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9">Janet</a>. "<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470696439.ch11" data-type="link" data-id="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470696439.ch11">Self-Knowledge</a>." In <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ronald%20Arbini" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Ronald%20Arbini">A Companion to Descartes</a>, edited by <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/9">Janet</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Broughton">Broughton</a> and <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero">John</a>  <a href="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/">Carriero</a>, 179–95. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/brown-deborah-j-1963" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/brown-deborah-j-1963">Brown</a>, <a href="https://hpi.uq.edu.au/profile/433/deborah-brown" data-type="link" data-id="https://hpi.uq.edu.au/profile/433/deborah-brown">Deborah J</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HTFT4WCASL8C&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PT8&amp;dq=Boyle,+Deborah+A.+%22Descartes%27+Natural+Light+Reconsidered.%22+Journal+of+the+History+of+Philosophy+37,+no.+4+(October+1999).&amp;hl=en&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books?id=HTFT4WCASL8C&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PT8&amp;dq=Boyle,+Deborah+A.+%22Descartes%27+Natural+Light+Reconsidered.%22+Journal+of+the+History+of+Philosophy+37,+no.+4+(October+1999).&amp;hl=en&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity">Descartes on Innate Ideas</a></em>. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2009.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/brown-deborah-j-1963" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/brown-deborah-j-1963">Brown</a>, <a href="https://hpi.uq.edu.au/profile/433/deborah-brown" data-type="link" data-id="https://hpi.uq.edu.au/profile/433/deborah-brown">Deborah J</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_the_Passionate_Mind.html?id=vgm1c0VSpy4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_the_Passionate_Mind.html?id=vgm1c0VSpy4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes and the Passionate Mind</a></em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/search?action=search&amp;query=author:Sean%20Greenberg:and&amp;min=1&amp;max=10&amp;t=query_term">Sean Greenberg's</a> <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/218275" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/218275">Review</a>, <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/journal/76">Journal of the History of Philosophy</a> <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/11713">45, no.  3, July 2007</a>, 499–500.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/brown-deborah-j-1963" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/brown-deborah-j-1963">Brown</a>, <a href="https://hpi.uq.edu.au/profile/433/deborah-brown" data-type="link" data-id="https://hpi.uq.edu.au/profile/433/deborah-brown">Deborah J</a>. "<a href="https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_133059/brown_2006_objective.pdf?Expires=1694280665&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&amp;Signature=IvPe1PDEfFyioYt40qdQsaJlaRjNP0OiK91gA6WjtCeLjjYN2oK3rxDxNrcpLG~rfI6K3eeeQQ~THXtYgX4DfsBxVx2aJtLT9NjoDg7Jv9CgpgttEsQ5UfkXwbZh7TlH8AeSbcvYzkV-Io2k8Zk444xGz43npDcsHnKf6bgggCpnIfz~ljOQAsJAZUjYHl7mn~qSkm1wnuRma0cjCAGZoSn52qKhXOgpttqFmJASx5wqBu7au2hsJGpsTAG1NZqg5ptVhfRanN-LL0RMSIDaOF2qXEdh9JcmFUEvdNLfODzAJLNtv1vJaqSqZn7Rzhqten614ROmdacAGaeIOI68~g__" data-type="link" data-id="https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_133059/brown_2006_objective.pdf?Expires=1694280665&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&amp;Signature=IvPe1PDEfFyioYt40qdQsaJlaRjNP0OiK91gA6WjtCeLjjYN2oK3rxDxNrcpLG~rfI6K3eeeQQ~THXtYgX4DfsBxVx2aJtLT9NjoDg7Jv9CgpgttEsQ5UfkXwbZh7TlH8AeSbcvYzkV-Io2k8Zk444xGz43npDcsHnKf6bgggCpnIfz~ljOQAsJAZUjYHl7mn~qSkm1wnuRma0cjCAGZoSn52qKhXOgpttqFmJASx5wqBu7au2hsJGpsTAG1NZqg5ptVhfRanN-LL0RMSIDaOF2qXEdh9JcmFUEvdNLfODzAJLNtv1vJaqSqZn7Rzhqten614ROmdacAGaeIOI68~g__">Objective Being in Descartes: That Which We Know, or That By Which We Know</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Representation_and_Objects_of_Thought_in.html?id=a30fl7OeOIEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Representation_and_Objects_of_Thought_in.html?id=a30fl7OeOIEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.su.se/english/profiles/hlage-1.313716" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.su.se/english/profiles/hlage-1.313716">Henrik Lagerlund</a>, 135–53. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2007.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/gregory-brown" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/gregory-brown">Brown, Gregory</a>. "<a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/227348" data-type="link" data-id="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/227348">Vera Entia: The Nature of Mathematical Objects in Descartes.</a>" <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 18, no. 1 (1980): 23–37.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.csusb.edu/cal/faculty/cal-outstanding-faculty-award" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.csusb.edu/cal/faculty/cal-outstanding-faculty-award">Buroker</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Jill%20Vance%20Buroker" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Jill%20Vance%20Buroker">Jill</a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/search?dc.creator=Jill%20Vance%20Buroker" data-type="link" data-id="https://link.springer.com/search?dc.creator=Jill%20Vance%20Buroker">Vance</a>. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/226254/pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/226254/pdf">Descartes on Sensible Qualities</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 29, no. 4  (October 1991):&nbsp;585–611.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?year=&amp;hideAbstracts=&amp;author=Butler%2C%20Ronald%20J%2E&amp;sqc=&amp;langFilter=&amp;sort=relevance&amp;proOnly=on&amp;publishedOnly=&amp;searchStr=Ronald%20J%2E%20Butler&amp;freeOnly=&amp;showCategories=on&amp;categorizerOn=&amp;newWindow=on&amp;filterMode=notauthors&amp;filterByAreas=&amp;onlineOnly=&amp;" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?year=&amp;hideAbstracts=&amp;author=Butler%2C%20Ronald%20J%2E&amp;sqc=&amp;langFilter=&amp;sort=relevance&amp;proOnly=on&amp;publishedOnly=&amp;searchStr=Ronald%20J%2E%20Butler&amp;freeOnly=&amp;showCategories=on&amp;categorizerOn=&amp;newWindow=on&amp;filterMode=notauthors&amp;filterByAreas=&amp;onlineOnly=&amp;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Butler, R.J.</font></font></a><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , ed. </font></font><em><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/cartesianstudies0000butl" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/cartesianstudies0000butl">Cartesian Studies</a></font></font></em><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">. </font></font><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1972.</font></font></p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized"><a href="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_17899F52-01E0-40DB-8097-726A3220C47Ab1-1-scaled.jpeg"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_17899F52-01E0-40DB-8097-726A3220C47Ab1-1-1024x827.jpeg" alt="A framed color drawing of Descartes standing at a lectern/table in a library with four soldiers to his left used as an advertising promotion for the DTOI website." class="wp-image-893" style="width:832px;height:671px"/></a></figure>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/">Carriero</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero">John</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Between_Two_Worlds.html?id=4dCen1pZRFMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Between_Two_Worlds.html?id=4dCen1pZRFMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Between Two Worlds: A Reading of Descartes’ Meditations</a></em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/">Carriero</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520907836-012/html?lang=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520907836-012/html?lang=en">The Second Meditation and the Essence of Mind</a>." In <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie</a> Oksenberg <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, 199–221. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.ucla.edu/person/john-carriero/">Carriero</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20Carriero">John</a>. “<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/descartes-meditations/sensation-and-knowledge-of-body-in-descartesmeditations/D949AC4ABA632DD8B5B94F8E833D8EF6">Sensation and Knowledge of Body in Descartes’ Meditations</a>.” In&nbsp;<em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A">Descartes’ Meditations: A Critical Guide</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/people/karen-detlefsen">Karen</a> <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/karen-detlefsen">Detlefsen</a>, 103–26. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere_Chappell" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere_Chappell">Chappell</a>, <a href="https://www.umass.edu/philosophy/news/memoriam-vere-chappell-1930-2019" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.umass.edu/philosophy/news/memoriam-vere-chappell-1930-2019">Vere</a>. "<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/38083568/24293994-Descartes-s-Ontology" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/38083568/24293994-Descartes-s-Ontology">Descartes' Ontology</a>." <em>Topoi</em> 16, (1997): 111–27.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere_Chappell" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere_Chappell">Chappell</a>, <a href="https://www.umass.edu/philosophy/news/memoriam-vere-chappell-1930-2019" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.umass.edu/philosophy/news/memoriam-vere-chappell-1930-2019">Vere</a>. "<a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520907836-011/html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520907836-011/html">The Theory of Ideas</a>." In <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie</a> Oksenberg <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, 177–98. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Clarke">Clarke</a>, <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/desmond-m-clarke-fearless-philosopher-and-distinguished-scholar-1.2793591">Desmond</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_s_Theory_of_Mind.html?id=vdMuz_75vRYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes's Theory of Mind</a></em>. Oxford:&nbsp;Clarendon&nbsp;Press,&nbsp;2003. Read&nbsp;<a href="https://www.academia.edu/101809800/Descartess_Theory_of_Mind_review_" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.academia.edu/101809800/Descartess_Theory_of_Mind_review_">Enrique&nbsp;Chávez-Arvizo's Review</a>. <em>Journal&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;History&nbsp;of&nbsp;Philosophy</em> 43,&nbsp;no.&nbsp;1 (January&nbsp;2005): 116–17.&nbsp;</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson">Clemenson</a>, <a href="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/" data-type="link" data-id="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/">David L</a>. "Descartes' Direct Realisms." Unpublished manuscript, presented at the APA Pacific Division meeting 2005.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson">Clemenson</a>, <a href="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/" data-type="link" data-id="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/">David L</a>. <em><a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/descartes-theory-of-ideas-9780826487735/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/descartes-theory-of-ideas-9780826487735/">Descartes' Theory of Ideas</a></em>. London: Continuum, 2007. Read <a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-theory-of-ideas/">Dan Kaufman’s Review</a>. <em><a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/about/" data-type="link" data-id="https://ndpr.nd.edu/about/">Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews</a></em>, March 6, 2008.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson">Clemenson</a>, <a href="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/" data-type="link" data-id="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/">David L</a>. "<a href="http://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-and-the-puzzle-of-sensory-representation/" data-type="link" data-id="http://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-and-the-puzzle-of-sensory-representation/">Review of Gabriella DeRosa's ''Descartes and the Puzzle of Sensory Representation</a>." <em><a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/about/" data-type="link" data-id="https://ndpr.nd.edu/about/">Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews</a></em>. 2010.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson">Clemenson</a>, <a href="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/" data-type="link" data-id="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/">David Lee</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CLESCS-2">Seventeenth Century Scholastic Philosophy of Cognition and Descartes' Causal Proof of God's Existence</a>." PhD diss., Harvard University, 1991.  Available at UMI Dissertation Express, UMI publication number 9131929.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-clemenson">Clemenson</a>, <a href="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/" data-type="link" data-id="https://cas.stthomas.edu/departments/faculty/david-clemenson/">David L</a>. <a href="https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/17949/3021107.PDF?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y" data-type="link" data-id="https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/17949/3021107.PDF?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">Species, Ideas and Idealism: The Scholastic and Cartesian Background of Berkeley's Master Argument</a>. PhD diss., Rice University, Houston, TX, August, 2000.  Major adviser: Mark Kulstad.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.ou.edu/cas/philosophy/people/faculty/monte-cook#:~:text=Monte%20L.,Cook&amp;text=My%20research%20focuses%20on%20early,been%20on%20possible%2Dworlds%20metaphysics." data-type="link" data-id="https://www.ou.edu/cas/philosophy/people/faculty/monte-cook#:~:text=Monte%20L.,Cook&amp;text=My%20research%20focuses%20on%20early,been%20on%20possible%2Dworlds%20metaphysics.">Cook</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/monte-cook" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/monte-cook">Monte</a>. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27743807" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27743807">Descartes' Alleged Representationalism</a>." <em>History of Philosophy Quarterly</em> 4, no. 2 (April, 1987): 179–95.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/search?action=search&amp;&amp;query=author:%22Michael%20J.%20Costa%22" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/search?action=search&amp;&amp;query=author:%22Michael%20J.%20Costa%22">Costa, Michael J</a>. "<a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/226979/summary" data-type="link" data-id="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/226979/summary">What Cartesian Ideas are Not</a>." <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/12309" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/12309">Journal of the History of Philosophy 21, no. 4</a> (1983): 537–49.</p>
     
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    <p><strong><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Cartesian+Ideas+Are+Not&amp;author=Costa+M.+J.&amp;publication+year=1983" data-type="link" data-id="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Cartesian+Ideas+Are+Not&amp;author=Costa+M.+J.&amp;publication+year=1983">AUTHOR's ABSTRACT:</a></strong> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Cartesian+Ideas+Are+Not&amp;author=Costa+M.+J.&amp;publication+year=1983" data-type="link" data-id="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Cartesian+Ideas+Are+Not&amp;author=Costa+M.+J.&amp;publication+year=1983">IT IS CLEAR that Descartes uses the term 'idea' in a number of different senses. One recent commentator, Anthony Kenny, claims that Descartes's failure to identify clearly these different senses is not only confusing to the reader, it is also a major source of confusion in Descartes's thought. Failure to keep track of "the ambiguity leads Descartes into inconsistencies and vitiates some of his arguments."</a> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Cartesian+Ideas+Are+Not&amp;author=Costa+M.+J.&amp;publication+year=1983" data-type="link" data-id="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+Cartesian+Ideas+Are+Not&amp;author=Costa+M.+J.&amp;publication+year=1983">There is some justification for Kenny's position. One certainly wishes that Descartes had kept better track of his uses of the term 'idea,' and it may be that his failure to do so is an occasional course of equivocation. Still, I think that Kenny distorts the nature of the ambiguity in Descartes's use of 'idea.' Kenny virtually ignores a sense of 'idea' that, as I shall show, is very important to a proper understanding of Descartes's thought; and Kenny reads a sense of 'idea,' in which it denotes an immaterial image or phenomenal object, that I claim is not present in Descartes's thought. The sense of 'idea' that Kenny virtually ignores is that in which it is used to denote what Descartes often calls an "image in the corporeal imagination." This 'image' is corporeal not only in the sense that it is an image of an extended object, but also in the sense that the image is itself corporeal and extended. The image is made up of material particles in a certain arrangement. In modern parlance, what Descartes refers to as an "image in the corporeal imagination" is a brain state.</a></p>
     
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    <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3749880">A Brute to the Brutes: Descartes' Treatment of Animals</a>."&nbsp;<em>Philosophy</em>&nbsp;53 (1978): 551–59. </li>
     
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    <li>See <a href="https://reading.academia.edu/JohnCottingham/CurriculumVitae">John Cottingham’s CV</a>. See a comprehensive <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/Articles/#earlymod">John Cottingham bibliography</a>.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>, ed. <em><a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Descartes.html?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Descartes.html?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</a></em>. <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Descartes.html?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Descartes.html?id=Prhr9FBdQ_MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><img class="wp-image-1025" style="width: 133px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8980.png" alt="The purple book cover of &quot;The Cambridge Companion to Descartes.&quot;"></a>  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. <em><a href="https://johncottingham.co.uk/Descartes/" data-type="link" data-id="https://johncottingham.co.uk/Descartes/">Descartes</a></em>. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Read <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2027176" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2027176">Lilli Alanen's Review</a>, <em>The Journal of Philosophy</em> <a class="  " href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i335801">Vol. 86, no. 1 (Jan., 1989)</a>: 44–49.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4545119" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4545119">Descartes on Colour</a>." <em>Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society</em>, n.s. 90, no. 3 (1989–90):&nbsp;231–46 .</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/355925374/Descartes-Dictionary-Cottingham-pdf">A Descartes Dictionary</a>."&nbsp;Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 1993.</p>
     
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    <li>See <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0149.1994.tb02421.x" data-type="link" data-id="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0149.1994.tb02421.x">Jill Vance Buroker's Review</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0149.1994.tb02421.x"><em>International Journal of Philosophical Studies</em>&nbsp;35, no. 3 (July 1994)</a>: 175–77.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. “<a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315678023-13/descartes-john-cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315678023-13/descartes-john-cottingham">Descartes</a> [and the Problem of Consciousness].” <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Consciousness_and_the_Great_Philosophers.html?id=TTQlDwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Consciousness_and_the_Great_Philosophers.html?id=TTQlDwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Consciousness and the Great Philosophers: what would they have said about our mind-body problem?</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.keele.ac.uk/spgs/staff/stephenleach/">Stephen</a> <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenLeach9">Leach</a> and <a href="https://jamestartaglia.com/philosophy.html">James Tartaglia</a>. London, UK: Routledge (2016): 63–72.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203471029-10/intentionality-phenomenology-descartes-objects-thought-john-cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203471029-10/intentionality-phenomenology-descartes-objects-thought-john-cottingham">Intentionality or Phenomenology: Descartes and the objects of thought</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203471029/history-mind-body-problem-tim-crane-sarah-patterson?refId=419d4762-d194-46c0-865f-a1961f934ace&amp;context=ubx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203471029/history-mind-body-problem-tim-crane-sarah-patterson?refId=419d4762-d194-46c0-865f-a1961f934ace&amp;context=ubx">History of the Mind-Body Problem</a></em>  <img class="wp-image-1582" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_0112.jpeg" alt="The book cover for  &quot;History of the Mind-Body Problem.&quot;">, edited by <a href="http://www.timcrane.com/">Tim</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Crane">Crane</a> and <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/sarah-patterson">Sarah</a> <a href="https://www.bbk.ac.uk/our-staff/profile/8005982/sarah-patterson">Patterson</a>, 132–48. London, UK: Routledge, 2000.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.3-16am.co.uk/articles/reflections-on-descartes-reflections-on-religion" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.3-16am.co.uk/articles/reflections-on-descartes-reflections-on-religion">An Interview with John Cottingham</a>." <em><a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/collection-anonymous/browse?fp=cogito" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.pdcnet.org/collection-anonymous/browse?fp=cogito">Cogito</a></em> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5840/cogito199610136">10, no. 1 (Spring 1996)</a>: 5–15.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>, ed. <em><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2998428?origin=crossref" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2998428?origin=crossref">Reason, Will, and Sensation: Studies in Descartes' Metaphysics</a></em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a>. “<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/COTART-2" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/COTART-2">Selection and Interpretation in Descartes: A Reply to Baker and Morris</a>.” <em>International Journal of Philosophical Studies</em> 2, no. 1 (1994): 122–29.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Objective_Being_in_Descartes_and_in_Su%C3%A1/o4zB31RcfLoC?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Objective_Being_in_Descartes_and_in_Su%C3%A1/o4zB31RcfLoC?hl=en">Cronin</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Timothy%20J.%20Cronin" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Timothy%20J.%20Cronin">Timothy J</a>. <em><a href="http://www.google.com/books/edition/Objective_Being_in_Descartes_and_in_Suar/He6jAAAACAAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.google.com/books/edition/Objective_Being_in_Descartes_and_in_Suar/He6jAAAACAAJ?hl=en">Objective Being in Descartes and in Suarez</a></em>. <a href="http://www.google.com/books/edition/Objective_Being_in_Descartes_and_in_Suar/He6jAAAACAAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.google.com/books/edition/Objective_Being_in_Descartes_and_in_Suar/He6jAAAACAAJ?hl=en"><img class="wp-image-1016" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8982.png" alt="The book cover of &quot;Objective Being in Descartes and in Suarez.&quot;"></a>Rome: Gregorian University Press, 1966.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://clas.uiowa.edu/philosophy/people/phillip-d-cummins">Cummins, Phillip</a> and <a href="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf">Guenter</a> <a href="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf">Zoeller</a>, eds. <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Minds_Ideas_and_Objects/DlANAQAAMAAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Minds_Ideas_and_Objects/DlANAQAAMAAJ?hl=en">Minds, Ideas, and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy</a></em>. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">Cunning, David</a>. <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CUNAAP">Argument and Persuasion in Descartes' Meditations</a></em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">Cunning, David</a>. <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes.html?id=fvHDEAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes</a>. New York, NY: Routledge, 2024.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">Cunning, David</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40041029?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40041029?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Descartes on the Dubitability of the Existence of Self</a>." <em>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research</em> 74 (2007): 113–33.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">Cunning, David</a>. "<a href="http://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/dsisdc.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/dsisdc.pdf">Descartes on Sensations and Ideas of Sensations</a>." In <em><a href="http://www.atiner.gr/docs/2006Phi-Hanna.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.atiner.gr/docs/2006Phi-Hanna.pdf">An Anthology of Philosophical Studies</a></em>, edited by Patricia Hanna, Adrianne L. McEvoy, and Penelope Voutsina, 17–32. Athens, Greece: Atiner Publishing, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/dsisdc.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/dsisdc.pdf"><strong>AUTHOR's ABSTRACT:</strong> In this paper I sketch and defend three theses. The first is that for Descartes there is a distinction between a sensation and an idea of a sensation. Sensations are qualia, and ideas of sensations are ideas of qualia. The second thesis is that ideas of sensations are ideas and so have objective reality and are representational. A Cartesian sensation is a mode of mind but not an idea. If it is representational, it is not representational in virtue of having objective reality but in virtue of something else. The third thesis is that some of the confusion surrounding the issue of Cartesian sensations is due to Descartes' sometimes interchangeable use of the language of 'sensations' and the language of sensory 'ideas'.&nbsp;&nbsp;</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://myweb.uiowa.edu/cunni/cunningcv%202011.pdf">Cunning, David</a>. "<a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/True-and-immutable-natures-and-epistemic-progress-Cunning/3f1cbd19b848250756b20fef4f12117d84408ff4" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/True-and-immutable-natures-and-epistemic-progress-Cunning/3f1cbd19b848250756b20fef4f12117d84408ff4">True and Immutable N<em>atures and Epistemic Progress in Descartes' Meditations</em></a><em>." In British Journal for the History of Philosophy</em> 11, no. 2 (2003): 235–48.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/emcurley/">Curley</a>, <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/people/emeritus-faculty/emcurley.html">Edwin</a> <a href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/emcurley/descartes?authuser=0">M</a>. <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CURDAT" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/CURDAT">Descartes Against the Sceptics</a></em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/emcurley/">Curley</a>, <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/people/emeritus-faculty/emcurley.html">Edwin</a> <a href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/emcurley/descartes?authuser=0">M</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CURAIN">Analysis in the Meditations: The Quest for Clear and Distinct Ideas</a>." In <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie</a> Oksenberg <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, 153–76. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/emcurley/">Curley</a>, <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/people/emeritus-faculty/emcurley.html">Edwin</a> <a href="https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/emcurley/descartes?authuser=0">M</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CURTCA">The Cogito and the Foundations of Knowledge</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 30–47. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-712" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_23F7526F-89FD-4ECD-A7AB-B4C5ADD2A6A1b.jpeg" alt="An advertising banner for the DTOI website consisting of a framed color photograph of a short suspension bridge leading into the jungle with prominent categories found in Descartes's theory of ideas sticking up along either side of the suspension wires."></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Dalbiez">Dalbiez</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/psychology/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/dalbiez-roland-1893-1976#:~:text=Roland%20Dalbiez%2C%20a%20French%20philosopher,of%20psychoanalysis%20published%20in%201936.">Roland</a>. "<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Les_Sources_scolastiques_de_la_th%C3%A9orie/-eFQQwAACAAJ?hl=en">Les sources Scolastiques de la theorie cartesienne de l'etre objectif a propos du 'Descartes' de M. Gilson</a>." <em>Revue d'Histoire de la Philosophie</em> 34 (1929): 64–72.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-della-rocca">Della Rocca</a>, <a href="https://yale.academia.edu/MichaelDellaRocca">Michael</a>. <img class="wp-image-1198" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_FFDBA954-538D-4B17-B385-08F152CFEBB2.png" alt="Three transparent color headshots of Michael Della Rocca."> "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/ROCJAW">Judgment and Will</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 142–59. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-della-rocca">Della Rocca</a>, <a href="https://yale.academia.edu/MichaelDellaRocca">Michael</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/DELTTF">Taking the Fourth: Steps toward a New (Old) Reading of Descartes</a>." <em>Midwest Studies in Philosophy</em>, 35 (2011): 93–110. Reprinted in&nbsp;<em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/FREEMP">Early Modern Philosophy Reconsidered</a></em>, edited by Peter A. French, 221–39. London, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/DERCS" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/DERCS">Cartesian Sensations</a>." <a href="https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17479991">Philosophy Compass</a> <a href="https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17479991/2009/4/5">4, no. 5</a>&nbsp;(September 2009): 780–92.</p>
     
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    <p><strong><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/DERCS" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/DERCS">ABSTRACT</a>:</strong> <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/DERCS" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/DERCS">Descartes maintained that sensations of color and the like misrepresent the material world in normal circumstances. Some prominent scholars have argued that, to explain this Cartesian view, we must attribute to Descartes a causal account of sensory representation. I contend that neither the arguments motivating this reading nor the textual evidence offered in its support is sufficient to justify such attribution. Both textual and theoretical reasons point in the direction of an (at least partial) internalist account of Descartes’ views on sensory representation.</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_the_Puzzle_of_Sensory_Repr.html?id=pZXdXobel-0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_and_the_Puzzle_of_Sensory_Repr.html?id=pZXdXobel-0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes and the Puzzle of Sensory Representation</a></em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-and-the-puzzle-of-sensory-representation/" data-type="link" data-id="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/descartes-and-the-puzzle-of-sensory-representation/">David Clemenson's Review</a> in <em>Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews</em>, 2010.</li>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://www.academia.edu/43640316/Review_of_Rafaella_De_Rosas_Descartes_Puzzle_of_Sensory_Representation" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.academia.edu/43640316/Review_of_Rafaella_De_Rosas_Descartes_Puzzle_of_Sensory_Representation">Paul S. Elliott's Review</a> in <em>Mind</em>, 2010.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. "<a href="http://people.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/682%20Readings/de%20rosa%20ideas.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://people.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/682%20Readings/de%20rosa%20ideas.pdf">Descartes on Sensory Misrepresentation: The Case of Materially False Ideas</a>." <em>History of Philosophy Quarterly</em> 21, no. 3 (2004): 261–80.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. "<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236705878_Material_Falsity_and_Error_in_Descartes's_Meditations_review">Material Falsity and Error in Descartes's Meditations (Review of Wee 2006)</a>. <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 46, no. 4 (2008): 641–42.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. "<a href="https://www-oxfordbibliographies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0272.xml" data-type="link" data-id="https://www-oxfordbibliographies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0272.xml">René Descartes: Sensory Representations</a>." <a href="https://www-oxfordbibliographies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www-oxfordbibliographies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/">Oxford Bibliographies</a>. Last reviewed: July 24, 2019. Last modified: July 28, 2015.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/251332">Review of Cecilia Wee’s Material Falsity and Error in Descartes’s Meditations</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 46, no. 4 (2008): 641–42.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/karen-detlefsen">Detlefsen</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/people/karen-detlefsen">Karen</a>. <em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A">Descartes’ Meditations: A Critical Guide</a></em>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/karen-detlefsen">Detlefsen</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/people/karen-detlefsen">Karen</a>. "<a href="https://philarchive.org/archive/DETTANv1" data-type="link" data-id="https://philarchive.org/archive/DETTANv1">Teleology and Natures in Descartes' Sixth Meditation</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A">Descartes’ Meditations: A Critical Guide</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/people/karen-detlefsen">Karen</a> <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/karen-detlefsen">Detlefsen</a>, 153–75. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://www2.brockport.edu/live/profiles/1577-georges-dicker" data-type="link" data-id="http://www2.brockport.edu/live/profiles/1577-georges-dicker">Dicker, Georges.</a> <a href="http://www.scribd.com/document/345152580/Georges-Dicker-Descartes-an-Analytical-and-Historical-Introduction-Oxford-University-Press-2013" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.scribd.com/document/345152580/Georges-Dicker-Descartes-an-Analytical-and-Historical-Introduction-Oxford-University-Press-2013">Descartes: An Analytical and Historical Introduction</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&amp;num=10&amp;btnG=Search+Scholar&amp;as_epq=&amp;as_oq=&amp;as_eq=&amp;as_occt=any&amp;as_sauthors=%22James+C.+Doig%22&amp;as_publication=&amp;as_ylo=&amp;as_yhi=&amp;as_allsubj=all&amp;hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&amp;num=10&amp;btnG=Search+Scholar&amp;as_epq=&amp;as_oq=&amp;as_eq=&amp;as_occt=any&amp;as_sauthors=%22James+C.+Doig%22&amp;as_publication=&amp;as_ylo=&amp;as_yhi=&amp;as_allsubj=all&amp;hl=en">Doig</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Doig%2C%20James%20C" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Doig%2C%20James%20C">James C</a>. "<a href="http://www.pdcnet.org/newscholas/content/newscholas_1977_0051_0003_0350_0371" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.pdcnet.org/newscholas/content/newscholas_1977_0051_0003_0350_0371">Suarez, Descartes, and the Objective Reality of Ideas</a>," in <em>The New Scholasticism</em> 51 (1977): 350–71.</p>
     
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    <p>Downing, Lisa. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/archive/DOWSQA.pdf">Sensible Qualities and Material Bodies in Descartes and Boyle</a> " In <em><a href="https://academic.oup.com/book/5040">Primary and Secondary Qualities:&nbsp;The Historical and Ongoing Debate</a></em>, edited by Lawrence Nolan, 109–35. Oxford, UK:&nbsp;Oxford University Press, 2011.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">Alison Simmons's overview</a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(2015)<strong>:</strong>  Lisa Downing's fine contribution, "Sensible Qualities and Material Bodies in Descartes and Boyle," gets at some of the deepest issues in Descartes's metaphysics and epistemology. She reconstructs three arguments that he might offer in defense of his thesis that our ideas of sensible qualities don't represent anything in bodies: first, because on inspection it turns out that they don't represent anything at all; second, because we can't manage to conceive of how these qualities inhere in bodies; and, third, because we can't conceive of these qualities as determinations of the essence of bodies. Downing argues that these arguments aren't sound. Her evaluations are fair, reasonable, and, I think, right, but they aren't obviously right. I can imagine someone reading her paper and deciding to take up the mantle of Cartesian metaphysics.</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20P.%20Doyle" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/John%20P.%20Doyle">Doyle</a>, <a href="https://www.ontology.co/biblio/john-doyle.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.ontology.co/biblio/john-doyle.htm">John</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42580233" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42580233">Prolegomena to a Study of Extrinsic Denomination in the Work of Francis Suarez</a>." <em>Vivarium</em> XXII, no. 2, 121–60.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philpeople.org/profiles/walter-edelberg/publications?app=null&amp;order=viewings" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpeople.org/profiles/walter-edelberg/publications?app=null&amp;order=viewings">Edelberg, Walter</a>. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2185615" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2185615">The Fifth Meditation</a>." <em>The Philosophical Review</em> 99 (1990): 493–533.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.nwmissouri.edu/socialsciences/directory/field.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.nwmissouri.edu/socialsciences/directory/field.htm">Field</a>, <a href="https://nwmissouri.academia.edu/RichardField" data-type="link" data-id="https://nwmissouri.academia.edu/RichardField">Richard W</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2185900" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2185900">Descartes on the Material Falsity of Ideas</a>." <em>The Philosophical Review</em> 102, no. 3 (July 1993): 309–34.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-flage" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-flage">Flage</a>, <a href="https://www.jmu.edu/philrel/_files/vitae-def.pdf#Flage%20CV" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jmu.edu/philrel/_files/vitae-def.pdf#Flage%20CV">Daniel E.</a>, and <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Clarence%20A.%20Bonnen" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Clarence%20A.%20Bonnen">Clarence A. Bonnen</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M96EAgAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=en&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books?id=M96EAgAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=en&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity">Descartes and Method: A Search for a Method in the Meditations</a></em>. London and New York, Routledge, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Frankfurt" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="https://www.princeton.edu/news/2023/08/01/harry-frankfurt-renowned-moral-philosopher-gentle-spirit-and-surprise-new-york" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.princeton.edu/news/2023/08/01/harry-frankfurt-renowned-moral-philosopher-gentle-spirit-and-surprise-new-york">Harry</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Demons_Dreamers_and_Madmen.html?id=r3cW0ekBm5oC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Demons_Dreamers_and_Madmen.html?id=r3cW0ekBm5oC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Demons, Dreamers and Madmen: the Defense of Reason in Descartes’ Meditations</a></em>. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2184245" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2184245">David H. Sanford's Review</a>.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Embodied.html?id=L5EVmvlfgmgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Embodied.html?id=L5EVmvlfgmgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science</a></em>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Metaphysical_Physics.html?id=BLUCPEFJ9TUC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Metaphysical_Physics.html?id=BLUCPEFJ9TUC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics</a></em>. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a>. "<a href="https://homepages.uc.edu/~martinj/Rationalism/Descartes/Garber%20-%20Descartes%20and%20Occasionalism.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://homepages.uc.edu/~martinj/Rationalism/Descartes/Garber%20-%20Descartes%20and%20Occasionalism.pdf">Descartes and Occasionalism</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Causation_in_Early_Modern_Philosophy.html?id=XQvu9vIDhKMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Causation_in_Early_Modern_Philosophy.html?id=XQvu9vIDhKMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Causation in Early Modern Philosophy: Cartesianism, Occasionalism, and Preestablished Harmony</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philosophy.wisc.edu/staff/nadler-steven/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.wisc.edu/staff/nadler-steven/">Steven</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler">Nadler</a>, 9–26. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a>. "Formes et qualités dans les 'Sixièmes Réponses'." In Jean-Marie Beyssade, Jean-Luc Marion, and Lia Levy, eds., <em>Descartes: Objecter et répondre</em>, 449-69. Actes du colloque 'Objecter et répondre' organisé par le Centre d'études cartésiennes à la Sorbonne et à l'Ecole normale supérieure du 3 au 6 octobre 1992, à l'occasion du 350e anniversaire de la seconde édition des Meditationes. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994. Reprinted in English as "Forms and Qualities in the Sixth Replies" in <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Embodied.html?id=L5EVmvlfgmgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Embodied.html?id=L5EVmvlfgmgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a>  <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, 257–73. London, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a> and <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers">Michael Richard</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers">Ayers</a>, eds. <em>The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy</em>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a> and <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/St%C3%A9phane%20Bornhausen" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/St%C3%A9phane%20Bornhausen">Stéphane Bornhausen</a>. <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARLPM-2" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARLPM-2">La physique métaphysique de Descartes</a></em>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. <a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/docs/ATOMOFN1.doc">Atomism and substances in Descartes</a>." <em>Criticism</em>, 29, 1997.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="https://dianoia.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/dianoia/article/view/548/D40" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARDLI-4">Descartes</a><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARDLI-4" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARDLI-4">: ideas and their falsehood</a>." <a href="https://philpapers.org/pub/287/1994" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/pub/287/1994">Diánoia, 40 (1994)</a>: 123–42.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="">Descartes: Ideas and the Mark of the Mental</a>." <em>Philosophiegeschichte und logische Analyze</em> (History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis), 3, 2000.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="https://dianoia.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/dianoia/article/view/532/D41" data-type="link" data-id="https://dianoia.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/dianoia/article/view/532/D41">Descartes: the imagination and the physical world</a>." <a href="https://dianoia.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/dianoia/issue/view/39" data-type="link" data-id="https://dianoia.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/dianoia/issue/view/39"><em>Diánoia</em>, 41 (1995)</a>: 65–82.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/docs/IDCAMBIO.doc">Descartes: The theory of ideas and scientific change</a>." <em>Cuadernos de Filosofía</em> (University of Buenos Aires), 45 (1999): 24–55.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARDYS" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GARDYS">Descartes y Suárez: sobre la falsedad no judicativa</a>." <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?pub=5618">Analogía Filosófica</a></em>&nbsp;12, no. 2 (1998): 125–50. Reprinted as "Descartes and Suárez: On non-judicative falsehood." In <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARFSY" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARFSY">Francisco Suarez (1548–1617): tradição e modernidade</a></em>, 187–206. Lisbon: Philosophy Center of the University of Lisbon, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. <a href="">The Falsity of Non-Judgmental Cognitions in Descartes and Suarez</a>." <em>The Modern Schoolman</em>, 77 (2000): 199–216.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/docs/INNATA97.RLF2.doc">Innate ideas, essences and eternal truths in Descartes</a>," in <em>Latin American Journal of Philosophy</em> (Argentina), 23, no. 2 (1997): 273–93.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.filosoficas.unam.mx/~clga/home.html">Garcia</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-lorena-garcia/publications?app=530">Claudia-Lorena</a>. "<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/096725599341802" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/096725599341802">Transparency and Falsity in Descartes' Theory of Ideas</a>." <em>International Journal of Philosophical Studies</em> 7, no. 3 (1999): 349–72.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> ed. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations</a></em>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a>. <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDAI" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDAI">Descartes: An Intellectual Biography</a></em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a>, ed. <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDPM" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDPM">Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics</a>. Sussex: Harvester, 1980.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a>. "Introduction: the background to the problem of perceptual cognition." In <em>Antoine Arnauld: On True and False Ideas</em>, translated by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 1–41. Manchester, UK: Manchester Press, 1990.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gewirth" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gewirth">Gewirth</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gewirth-alan-1912-2004" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gewirth-alan-1912-2004">Alan</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3748353" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3748353">Clearness and Distinctness in Descartes</a>." <em>Philosophy</em> 18, no. 69 (April 1943): 17–36. <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/article/abs/clearness-and-distinctness-in-descartes1/B6DC67515CAF7E060C647F122AB29EB8#">Published online</a> by Cambridge University Texts, 2009.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson">Gilson</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Gilson%2C%20Etienne" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Gilson%2C%20Etienne">Etienne</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/%C3%89tudes_sur_le_r%C3%B4le_de_la_pens%C3%A9e_m%C3%A9di.html?id=GCbXAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/%C3%89tudes_sur_le_r%C3%B4le_de_la_pens%C3%A9e_m%C3%A9di.html?id=GCbXAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Etudes sur le role de la pensee medievale dans la formation du systeme cartesien</a></em>. Paris, Vrin, 1930.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/macalester.edu/geoffrey-gorham/" data-type="link" data-id="https://sites.google.com/a/macalester.edu/geoffrey-gorham/">Gorham</a>, <a href="https://www.macalester.edu/philosophy/facultystaff/geoffgorham/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.macalester.edu/philosophy/facultystaff/geoffgorham/">Geoffrey</a>. "<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229006774_Descartes_on_the_Innateness_of_All_Ideas" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229006774_Descartes_on_the_Innateness_of_All_Ideas">Descartes on the Innateness of All Ideas</a>." <em>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</em> 32, no. 3 (2002): 355–88.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6920/" data-type="link" data-id="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6920/">Graham, Claire</a>. "<a href="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6920/1/Final.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6920/1/Final.pdf">Descartes’ Imagination:&nbsp;Unifying Mind and Body in Sensory Representation</a>." Ph.D. diss., Durham: Durham University, 2013. Available at <a href="http://core.ac.uk/reader/9642023" data-type="link" data-id="http://core.ac.uk/reader/9642023">CORE – Aggregating the World’s Open Access Research Papers</a>.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://m.facebook.com/sean.greenberg.58/">Greenberg</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/sean-greenberg-1?iframe=true">Sean</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4494556" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4494556">Descartes on the Passions: Function, Representation and Motivation</a>." Noûs 41 no. 4 (2007): 714–34.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">Alison Simmon's overview</a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(201</a>1<a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">)<strong>:</strong> Challenges the (relatively new) assumption that Cartesian passions are representational states, arguing that Descartes conceives of them as motivational states, arguing that while the passions do respond to representations, they function to focus the attention of the mind on thing represented by the senses and to motivate choice and action.</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene">Grene</a>, <a href="https://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/_files/inmemoriam/html/marjorieglicksmangrene.html">Marjorie</a>. <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/descartes0000gren_m8m9">Descartes</a></em>.  <a href="https://archive.org/details/descartes0000gren_m8m9" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/descartes0000gren_m8m9"><img class="wp-image-1308" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9232.jpeg" alt="The yellow top half with Descartes's head facing right on bottom half book cover of Marjorie Grene's &quot;Descartes&quot; (1985)."></a>  Brighton, Sussex, UK: The Harvester Press, 1985.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://academic.oup.com/mind/article-abstract/XCVII/385/133/951106">Jonathan Westphal's scathing Review</a> in <em>Mind</em> 97, no. 385 (January 1988): 133–134.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Grene">Grene</a>, <a href="https://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/_files/inmemoriam/html/marjorieglicksmangrene.html">Marjorie</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_Among_the_Scholastics.html?id=OFD0lVQ4RIQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes Among the Scholastics</a></em>. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1991.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_Gueroult">Gueroult</a>, <a href="https://alchetron.com/Martial-Gueroult">Martial</a>. <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/descartesselonlo0002guer/page/n6/mode/1up">Descartes selon L'Ordre des Raisons</a></em>. <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GURDSL">Vol 1: The Soul and God</a> (first five Meditations) (1952) and <a href="https://archive.org/details/descartesphiloso00mart">Vol. 2: The Soul and Body</a> (Sixth Meditation) (1968). Paris: Aubier, 1952 &amp; 1968. Translated by <a href="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/philosophy/about-us/faculty/roger-ariew.aspx">Roger</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ariew">Ariew</a> as <em>Descartes' Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reasons, Vol. 1:  The Soul and God</em> and <a href="https://archive.org/details/descartesphiloso00mart"><em>Descartes' Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reasons, Vol. 2:  The Soul and the Body</em></a>. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. <a href="https://archive.org/details/descartesphiloso00mart" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/descartesphiloso00mart"><img class="wp-image-1321" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9244.jpg" alt="The brown and orange book covers for Martial Gueroult's &quot;Descartes' Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reasons, Vol. 1:  The Soul and God&quot; and &quot;Descartes' Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reasons, Vol. 2:  The Soul and the Body&quot; translated by Roger Ariew (1985). "></a></p>
     
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    <p>Read <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0149.1985.tb01444.x">John Cottingham's Review of Vol 1</a>., <em>Analytic Philosophy</em> <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14680149/1985/26/3">26,&nbsp;no. 3</a> (July 1985): 140–43.</p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://daytonastateinmotion.com/opinion/a-i-just-killed-modern-education/"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/SIX_6FE12001-D81E-4825-B126-BF27DE122E3Db1-1024x537.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-1605"/></a></figure>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.uni-potsdam.de/de/phi/professuren-und-forschung/professur-fuer-theoretische-philosophie/prof-dr-johannes-haag">Haag</a>, <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Johannes-Haag-2">Johannes</a>. "<a href="https://www.academia.edu/9027929/Sinnliche_Ideen_Descartes_%C3%BCber_sinnliche_und_begriffliche_Aspekte_der_Wahrnehmung">Sinnliche Ideen. Descartes über sinnliche und begriffliche Aspekte der Wahrnehmung</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Sehen_und_Begreifen.html?id=Jf0CkCqxacMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Sehen und Begreifen: Wahrnehmungstheorien in der frühen Neuzeit</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.philosophie.hu-berlin.de/en/sections/theorie/mitarbeiter/perler/index.html">Dominik</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Perler">Perler</a> and <a href="https://philosophie.philhist.unibas.ch/de/personen/markus-wild/">Markus Wild</a>, 95–121. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2007.</p>
     
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    <p>Harrison, Peter. "Descartes on Animals." <em>Philosophical Quarterly</em>&nbsp;42 (1992): 291–327.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. "<a href="http://philarchive.org/rec/HATTCF#:~:text=During%20the%20seventeenth%20century%20the,an%20extent%20not%20seen%20before">The Cognitive Faculties</a>." In <em><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-seventeenthcentury-philosophy/cognitive-faculties/E96631FB71B032501D9C95E73B0C977D">The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-garber">Daniel</a>  <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Garber_(philosopher)">Garber</a> and <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/michael-richard-ayers">Michael</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Ayers">Ayers</a>, 953–1002. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. "<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09515080701422041" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09515080701422041">Did Descartes Have a Jamesian Theory of the Emotions?</a>." <em>Philosophical Psychology</em> 20 (2007): 413–40.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. <em><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/vitae.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/vitae.html">Descartes and the Meditations</a></em>. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/descartes-meditations/descartes-on-sensory-representation-objective-reality-and-material-falsity/9CA709B7EC875BAF242E5A3303932D40" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/descartes-meditations/descartes-on-sensory-representation-objective-reality-and-material-falsity/9CA709B7EC875BAF242E5A3303932D40">Descartes on Sensory Representation, Objective Reality, and Material Falsity</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/descartes-meditations/FA7C5BC5F571915C45B716C3F115124A">Descartes’ Meditations: A Critical Guide</a></em>, edited by Karen Detlefsen, 127–50. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. "<a href="https://philarchive.org/rec/HATDNA" data-type="link" data-id="https://philarchive.org/rec/HATDNA">Descartes' naturalism about the mental</a>."&nbsp;In <em><a href="https://philarchive.org/rec/GAUDNP-2">Descartes' Natural Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, John Schuster, and John Sutton, 630–58.  New York, NY: Routledge, 2000.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. <em><a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/HATTRG-2" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/rec/HATTRG-2">Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Descartes and the Meditations</a></em>. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Hatfield</a>, <a href="http://philarchive.org/s/Gary%20Hatfield">Gary</a>. "<a href="http://philpapers.org/archive/HATTOM.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/archive/HATTOM.pdf">Transparency of the Mind: The Contributions of Descartes, Leibniz, and Berkeley to the Genesis of the Modern Subject</a>." In <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Departure_for_Modern_Europe.html?id=7QqKDwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><em>In Departure for Modern Europe: A Handbook of Early Modern Philosophy (1400</em>–<em>1700)</em></a>, edited by <a href="https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubertus_Busche">Hubertus Busche</a>, 361–75. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2001.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://artsandsciences.syracuse.edu/people/faculty/heller-mark/" data-type="link" data-id="https://artsandsciences.syracuse.edu/people/faculty/heller-mark/">Heller, Mark</a>. "<a href="http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-philosophy/article/abs/painted-mules-and-the-cartesian-circle/EE8F8094040854B2DBA8B2E5E7F0E759" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-philosophy/article/abs/painted-mules-and-the-cartesian-circle/EE8F8094040854B2DBA8B2E5E7F0E759">Painted Mules and the Cartesian Circle</a>." <em>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</em>, 26, no. 1 (1996): 29–55.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a>. "<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_95O6rp2a1m6Lk72Y-Kl-hAyXOQVQ874/view">Descartes</a>.” In <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781444323528">A Companion to the Philosophy of Action</a>, Chapter 59, edited by <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/O%27Connor/Timothy">Timothy O'Connor</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Sandis/Constantine">Constantine Sandis</a>. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing (2010): 481–89.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a> David. "<a href="http://drive.google.com/file/d/1JnroDiZnceSyngOttJwt5h0C90S-cVCL/view" data-type="link" data-id="http://drive.google.com/file/d/1JnroDiZnceSyngOttJwt5h0C90S-cVCL/view">Descartes on Misrepresentation</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/225825/summary">34, no. 3  (July 1996)</a>: 357–81. Also <a href="https://zlibrary.to/filedownload/essays-on-descartes">downloadable from ZLibrary.TO</a>.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a>. “<a href="http://drive.google.com/file/d/1AhBxKy-g-R8GyJNzD3xL9lzQxJ75uW05/view?pli=1">Direct Realism, Intentionality, and the Objective Being of Ideas</a><em>.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly</em>, 83 (2002): 163–79. Also <a href="https://zlibrary.to/filedownload/essays-on-descartes">downloadable from ZLibrary.TO</a>.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Essays_on_Descartes.html?id=qYNzsdXamzgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Essays</a> <a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/HOFEOD">on</a> <a href="https://zlibrary.to/dl/essays-on-descartes">Descartes</a></em>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. Also <a href="https://zlibrary.to/filedownload/essays-on-descartes">downloadable from ZLibrary.TO</a>. Read <a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/essays-on-descartes/">Amy M. Schmitter’s Review</a>. <em>Norte Dame Philosophical Reviews</em>. September 25, 2009.<a href="mailto:?subject=Essays%20on%20Descartes&amp;body=https%3A%2F%2Fndpr.nd.edu%2Freviews%2Fessays-on-descartes%2F"></a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/HOFTPA-2" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/HOFTPA-2">The Passions and Freedom of the Will</a>." In&nbsp;<a href="http://global.oup.com/academic/search?q=Paul+Hoffman%2C+Essays+on+Descartes&amp;cc=us&amp;lang=en"><em>Essays on Descartes</em></a>, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 210–36. Also published in <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/WILPAV" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/WILPAV">Passion and Virtue in Descartes</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Byron%20Williston">Byron Williston</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Andre%CC%81%20Gombay">André</a> <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Andre%CC%81%20Gombay" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Andre%CC%81%20Gombay">Gombay</a>, 261–99. New York, NY: Humanity Books, 2003.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a>. "<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/u/0/d/1UbkzU1wNflHTO7JgELzfxguwncNLwsIZ/view?usp=sharing&amp;pli=1">St. Thomas Aquinas on the Halfway State of Sensible Being</a>." ''The Philosophical Review'' XCIX, 1, 73-92, 1990.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.ucr.edu/paul-hoffman-1952-2010">Hoffman, Paul</a>.<em> </em>"<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43154093" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43154093">Three Dualist Theories of the Passions</a>." <em>Philosophical Topics</em> 19, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 153–201. An excerpt of just the Descartes part of this paper is in his collection of essays, <em><a href="https://zlibrary.to/dl/essays-on-descartes">Essays on Descartes</a></em>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (2009): 179–95. Also <a href="https://zlibrary.to/filedownload/essays-on-descartes">downloadable from ZLibrary.TO</a>.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3131096">Hooker, Michael</a> ed. <em><a href="https://dokumen.pub/descartes-critical-and-interpretive-essays-9780801821110-0801821118.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://dokumen.pub/descartes-critical-and-interpretive-essays-9780801821110-0801821118.html">Descartes: Critical and Interpretive Essays</a></em>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Huemer" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Huemer">Huemer</a>, <a href="http://www.owl232.net/cv.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.owl232.net/index_ios.html">Michael</a>. "<a href="https://spot.colorado.edu/~huemer/papers/descartes2.htm" data-type="link" data-id="https://spot.colorado.edu/~huemer/papers/descartes2.htm">On Objective Being in the Intellect</a>." Unpublished graduate seminar paper, 1996.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22James%20M.%20Humber%22">Humber, James M.</a> "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2107253">Recognizing Clear and Distinct Perceptions</a>." <a class="  " href="https://www.jstor.org/journal/philphenrese">Philosophy and Phenomenological Research</a> 41, no. 4 (June 1981): 487-507.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_James_(philosopher)">James, Susan</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Passion_and_Action.html?id=dwdREAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Action and Passion</a></em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile/?facultyId=4885">Jolley</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/nicholas-jolley">Nicholas</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Light_of_the_Soul.html?id=1wdREAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Light of the Soul: Theories of Ideas in Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes</a></em>. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1990.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Discourse_on_the_Method.html?id=9ZqG-N_9EaYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Discourse_on_the_Method.html?id=9ZqG-N_9EaYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><img class="wp-image-339" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_AA116FCB-7C9D-4999-86F7-F48E479F94E6-bb-scaled.jpeg" alt="A framed graphic of thirty five thumbnail book covers in seven columns in color on a teal bacground."></a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Dan%20Kaufman" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Dan%20Kaufman">Kaufman</a>, <a href="https://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/sites/default/files/attached-files/cv_kaufman.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/sites/default/files/attached-files/cv_kaufman.pdf">Dan</a>. "<a href="https://kaufmania2525.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/2/5/53254587/kaufman_material_falsity.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://kaufmania2525.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/2/5/53254587/kaufman_material_falsity.pdf">Descartes on the Objective Reality of Materially False Ideas</a>." <em>Pacific Philosophical Quarterly</em> 81, no. 4 (2000): 385–408.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Kenny" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Kenny">Kenny</a>, <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/kenny-anthony-1931" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/kenny-anthony-1931">Anthony</a> John Patrick. <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/descartesstudyof00kenn" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/descartesstudyof00kenn">Descartes: A Study of his Philosophy</a></em>. New York, Random House, 1968.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/philosophy/faculty/keating" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/philosophy/faculty/keating">Keating</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/laura-keating" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/laura-keating">Laura</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40232063" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40232063">Mechanism and the Representational Nature of Sensation in Descartes</a>." <em>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</em> 29 (1999): 411–30.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Kemmerling">Kemmerling</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Andreas%20Kemmerling">Andreas</a>. "<a href="https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/18220/1/v_76_asitwerepictures.pdf">As It Were Pictures</a>." In <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3">Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present</a></em> <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3"><img class="wp-image-1210" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9117.jpeg" alt="The book cover for &quot;Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present.&quot;"></a>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ralph%20Schumacher">Ralph</a> <a href="https://educ.ethz.ch/lernzentren/mint-lernzentrum/ueber-das-mint-lernzentrum/mitarbeiter-und-projekte/ralph-schumacher.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://educ.ethz.ch/lernzentren/mint-lernzentrum/ueber-das-mint-lernzentrum/mitarbeiter-und-projekte/ralph-schumacher.html">Schumacher</a>, 43–68. Paderborn, DE: Mentis, 2004.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://www.logicmuseum.com/wiki/Peter_King" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.logicmuseum.com/wiki/Peter_King">King, Peter</a>. "<a href="http://individual.utoronto.ca/pking/articles/Rethinking_Representation.pdf">Rethinking Representation in the Middle Ages</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Representation_and_Objects_of_Thought_in.html?id=a30fl7OeOIEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Representation_and_Objects_of_Thought_in.html?id=a30fl7OeOIEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/henrik-lagerlund" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/henrik-lagerlund">Henrik</a> <a href="https://www.su.se/english/profiles/hlage-1.313716" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.su.se/english/profiles/hlage-1.313716">Lagerlund</a>, 83–102. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005. Also see "<a href="https://homepages.uc.edu/~martinj/Mediaeval%20Logic%20&amp;%20Philosophy/Week%2010%20-%20Overview/King%20-%20Rethinking%20Representation%20in%20the%20Middle%20Ages.pdf">Rethinking Representation in the Middle Ages</a>."</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elmar-joseph-kremer">Kremer</a>, <a href="https://philosophy.utoronto.ca/directory/elmar-kremer/" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.utoronto.ca/directory/elmar-kremer/">Elmar</a> Joseph, ed. <em><a href="https://catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991028433599703276/01VAN_INST:vanui" data-type="link" data-id="https://catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991028433599703276/01VAN_INST:vanui">Interpreting Arnauld</a></em>. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1996.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.su.se/english/profiles/hlage-1.313716" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.su.se/english/profiles/hlage-1.313716">Lagerlund</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/henrik-lagerlund" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/henrik-lagerlund">Henrik</a>, ed. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Representation_and_Objects_of_Thought_in.html?id=a30fl7OeOIEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Representation_and_Objects_of_Thought_in.html?id=a30fl7OeOIEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy</a></em>. <img class="wp-image-879" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8562-1.jpeg" alt="The royal purple book cover for &quot;Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy.&quot;">Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Landucci" data-type="link" data-id="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Landucci">Landucci, Sergio</a>. <a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/LANLMI-2" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/rec/LANLMI-2"><em>La mente in Cartesio</em></a>. Milan: Franco Angeli, 2002.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/charles-e-larmore" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/charles-e-larmore">Larmore</a>, <a href="https://vivo.brown.edu/docs/c/clarmore_cv.pdf?dt=072906139" data-type="link" data-id="https://vivo.brown.edu/docs/c/clarmore_cv.pdf?dt=072906139">Charles</a>. "<a href="https://research.brown.edu/publications/1154700682.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://research.brown.edu/publications/1154700682.pdf">Descartes’ Empirical Epistemology</a>." In <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDPM" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDPM">Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics,</a> edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 6–22. Sussex: Harvester, 1980.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Thomas-M-Lennon-2031170204" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Thomas-M-Lennon-2031170204">Lennon</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Thomas%20M.%20Lennon">Thomas</a> Michael. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/227886/pdf">The Inherence Pattern and Descartes' Ideas</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em>, 12 (1974): 43–52.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Thomas-M-Lennon-2031170204" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Thomas-M-Lennon-2031170204">Lennon</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Thomas%20M.%20Lennon">Thomas</a> Michael. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/article/abs/representationalism-judgment-and-perception-of-distance-further-to-yolton-and-mcrae/FEDDCEF3BDA0EC48CE95580A89FA7E32">Representationalism, Judgment and Perception of Distance: Further to Yolton and McRae</a>." <em>Dialogue</em> 19, no. 1 (1980): 151–62.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/MACAAO-5" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/MACAAO-5">MacKenzie</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ann%20Wilbur%20Mackenzie" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Ann%20Wilbur%20Mackenzie">Ann Wilbur</a>. "Descartes on Life and Sense." <em>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</em> 19 (1989): 163–92.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/MACAAO-5" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/MACAAO-5">MacKenzie</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ann%20Wilbur%20Mackenzie" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Ann%20Wilbur%20Mackenzie">Ann Wilbur</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-philosophy-supplementary-volume/article/abs/descartes-on-sensory-representation-a-study-of-the-dioptrics/0CEBFEF957ED9FD98B501EAC6BAA8A80" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-philosophy-supplementary-volume/article/abs/descartes-on-sensory-representation-a-study-of-the-dioptrics/0CEBFEF957ED9FD98B501EAC6BAA8A80">Descartes on Sensory Representation</a>: <a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/770bec3208f386a4e738884339212ef0/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1823104" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.proquest.com/openview/770bec3208f386a4e738884339212ef0/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1823104">A Study of the Dioptrics</a>." <a href="https://journals.scholarsportal.info/browse/00455091/v20isup1" data-type="link" data-id="https://journals.scholarsportal.info/browse/00455091/v20isup1"><em>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</em>, Volume 20 (sup1), Supplementary Vol. 16: Canadian Philosophers: Celebrating Twenty Years of the CJP</a> (January 1990): 109–47.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf"><strong>Alison Simmon's overview</strong></a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(2011)<strong>:</strong> Fragments Cartesian sensory perception into (A) sensory perception of primary qualities (which are representational and non-phenomenal) and (B) sensations of secondary qualities (which are phenomenal and non-representational). The former aide in the search after the truth; the latter do not. Also offers a reconstruction of Cartesian representation as "range restricted natural indication" and covers issues of sensory representation.</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/MACAAO-5" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/MACAAO-5">MacKenzie</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ann%20Wilbur%20Mackenzie" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Ann%20Wilbur%20Mackenzie">Ann Wilbur</a>. “The Reconfiguration of Sensory Experience.” In <em>Reason, Will, and Sensation</em>, edited by John Cottingham, 251–72. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1994.</p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2998428" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2998428">Alison Simmons's Review</a>.</li>
     
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    <p>Markie, Peter. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-descartes/cogito-and-its-importance/BD6A539AD05F979AAC975876F9B0A3E6" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-descartes/cogito-and-its-importance/BD6A539AD05F979AAC975876F9B0A3E6">The Cogito and its Importance</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-companion-to-descartes/D4484AE15E59B53F91E3949049AA73C8" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-companion-to-descartes/D4484AE15E59B53F91E3949049AA73C8">The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</a></em>, edited by  <a href="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.johncottingham.co.uk/">John</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cottingham">Cottingham</a>, 140–73. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p>Maull, Nancy. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20127189">Cartesian Optics and the Geometrization of Nature</a>." <em>The Review of Metaphysics</em> <a class="  " href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i20127185">32, no. 2 (December, 1978)</a>: 253–73. Reprinted in <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDPM" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/GAUDPM">Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics</a>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 21–40. Sussex, UK: Harvester, 1980 or Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1980.</p>
     
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    <p> <a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?strict=1&amp;searchStr=McRae,%20Robert&amp;filterMode=authors" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?strict=1&amp;searchStr=McRae,%20Robert&amp;filterMode=authors">McRae, Robert F</a>. "Descartes' Definition of Thought." In <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/cartesianstudies0000butl" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/cartesianstudies0000butl">Cartesian Studies</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?year=&amp;hideAbstracts=&amp;author=Butler%2C%20Ronald%20J%2E&amp;sqc=&amp;langFilter=&amp;sort=relevance&amp;proOnly=on&amp;publishedOnly=&amp;searchStr=Ronald%20J%2E%20Butler&amp;freeOnly=&amp;showCategories=on&amp;categorizerOn=&amp;newWindow=on&amp;filterMode=notauthors&amp;filterByAreas=&amp;onlineOnly=&amp;" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?year=&amp;hideAbstracts=&amp;author=Butler%2C%20Ronald%20J%2E&amp;sqc=&amp;langFilter=&amp;sort=relevance&amp;proOnly=on&amp;publishedOnly=&amp;searchStr=Ronald%20J%2E%20Butler&amp;freeOnly=&amp;showCategories=on&amp;categorizerOn=&amp;newWindow=on&amp;filterMode=notauthors&amp;filterByAreas=&amp;onlineOnly=&amp;">Ronald J. Butler</a>, 55–70. Oxford: Blackwell, 1972.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?strict=1&amp;searchStr=McRae,%20Robert&amp;filterMode=authors" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?strict=1&amp;searchStr=McRae,%20Robert&amp;filterMode=authors">McRae, Robert F</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2708226?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2708226?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents">'Idea' as a Philosophical Term in the Seventeenth Century</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Ideas</em>, 26, no. 2 (1965): 175–90.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?strict=1&amp;searchStr=McRae,%20Robert&amp;filterMode=authors" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?strict=1&amp;searchStr=McRae,%20Robert&amp;filterMode=authors">McRae, Robert F</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/article/abs/on-being-present-to-the-mind-a-reply/275A108BE402FA7B29F50063F6F3730B">On Being Present to the Mind: A Reply</a>." <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie">Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review / Revue canadienne de philosophie&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/volume/6CFB133910644562EDBFDB1BC12A6A00">Volume 14&nbsp;</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/issue/313BDF4B1FC08D303295564C25E447F3">Issue 4&nbsp;</a>, (December 1975): 664–66. Published online by Cambridge University Press: May 5, 2010.</p>
     
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    <p>Menn, Stephen. "The Discourse on Method and the Tradition of Intellectual Autobiography." In <em>The Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations</em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 3–19. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p>Menn, Stephen. "The Greatest Stumbling Block:&nbsp;Descartes’ Denial of Real Qualities." In <em>Descartes and His Contemporaries:&nbsp;Meditations, Objections and Replies</em>, edited by Roger Ariew and Marjorie Grene, 182–207. Chicago, IL:&nbsp; University of Chicago Press, 1995.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermot_Moran" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermot_Moran">Moran</a>, <a href="https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/mcas/departments/philosophy/people/faculty-directory/Dermot-Moran.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/mcas/departments/philosophy/people/faculty-directory/Dermot-Moran.html">Dermot</a>. "<a href="https://www.academia.edu/10001743/Descartes_on_the_Formal_Reality_Objective_Reality_and_Material_Falsity_of_Ideas_Realism_through_Constructivism" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.academia.edu/10001743/Descartes_on_the_Formal_Reality_Objective_Reality_and_Material_Falsity_of_Ideas_Realism_through_Constructivism">Descartes on the Formal Reality, Objective Reality, and Material Falsity of Ideas: Realism through Constructivism?</a>" in <a href="https://philpapers.org/archive/WESRSA-2.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/archive/WESRSA-2.pdf">Realism, Science, and Pragmatism</a>, edited by <a href="https://ae-eu.academia.edu/KennethWestphal" data-type="link" data-id="https://ae-eu.academia.edu/KennethWestphal">Kenneth R. Westphal</a>, 67-92. New York &amp; London: Routledge, 2014.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Gianluca%20Mori">Mori</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Gianluca%20Mori">Gianluca</a>. "<a href="http://people.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/682%20Readings/mori%20ideas.pdf">Hobbes, Descartes, and Ideas: A Secret Debate</a>." <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?pub=612">Journal of the History of Philosophy</a></em>&nbsp;50, no. 2 (2012): 197–212.</p>
     
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    <p>Morris, Katherine J. "Intermingling and Confusion." <em>International Journal of Philosophical Studies</em> 3 (1995): 290–97.</p>
     
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    <p>Nadal, Anna Pilar Ortín. "<a href="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054" data-type="link" data-id="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054">Mental activity in Descartes' causal-semantic model of sensory perception</a>." PhD diss, Philosophy, The University of Edinburgh, July 2018.</p>
     
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    <p>Nadal, Anna Pilar Ortín. "<a href="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054" data-type="link" data-id="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054">Mental Activity in Descartes’ Causal-Semantic Model of Sensory Perception</a>." Available at <a href="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054" data-type="link" data-id="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054">CORE – Aggregating the World’s Open Access Research Papers</a>. <a href="http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054">http://core.ac.uk/works/8513054</a>.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler">Nadler</a>, <a href="https://714e4411-e80d-40da-9ac0-7d90e1d26dce.filesusr.com/ugd/4ee4bc_d1226add7c3640bab41d87b484723073.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.wisc.edu/staff/nadler-steven/">Steven</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Arnauld_and_the_Cartesian_Philosophy_of.html?id=nwW9AAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Arnauld_and_the_Cartesian_Philosophy_of.html?id=nwW9AAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Arnauld and the Cartesian Philosophy of Ideas</a></em>. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler">Nadler</a>, <a href="https://714e4411-e80d-40da-9ac0-7d90e1d26dce.filesusr.com/ugd/4ee4bc_d1226add7c3640bab41d87b484723073.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://714e4411-e80d-40da-9ac0-7d90e1d26dce.filesusr.com/ugd/4ee4bc_d1226add7c3640bab41d87b484723073.pdf">Steven</a>, ed. <em>Causation in Early Modern Philosophy: Cartesianism, Occasionalism, and Preestablished Harmony</em>. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Nadler">Nadler</a>, <a href="https://714e4411-e80d-40da-9ac0-7d90e1d26dce.filesusr.com/ugd/4ee4bc_d1226add7c3640bab41d87b484723073.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://714e4411-e80d-40da-9ac0-7d90e1d26dce.filesusr.com/ugd/4ee4bc_d1226add7c3640bab41d87b484723073.pdf">Steven</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/NADTDO" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/NADTDO">The Doctrine of Ideas</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Blackwell_Guide_to_Descartes_Meditat.html?id=nCnhVM7SPuwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Stephen%20Gaukroger">Stephen</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaukroger#Life">Gaukroger</a>, 86–103. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.unc.edu/people/alan-nelson/" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.unc.edu/people/alan-nelson/">Nelson, Alan</a>. "<em>The Falsity in Sensory Ideas: Descartes and Arnauld</em>." In <em><a href="https://catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991028433599703276/01VAN_INST:vanui" data-type="link" data-id="https://catalog.library.vanderbilt.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991028433599703276/01VAN_INST:vanui">Interpreting Arnauld</a></em>, edited by Elmar J. Kremer, 13–32. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1996.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philosophy.unc.edu/people/alan-nelson/" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.unc.edu/people/alan-nelson/">Nelson, Alan</a>. "<a href="http://academia.edu/resource/work/1908380" data-type="link" data-id="http://academia.edu/resource/work/1908380">Descartes's Ontology of Thought</a>," <em>Topoi</em> 16 (1997): 163–78.</p>
     
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    <p>Newman, Lex. "Unmasking Descartes's case for the&nbsp;<em>Bête Machine</em>&nbsp;doctrine."&nbsp;<em>Canadian Journal of Philosophy</em>&nbsp;31, no. 3 (2001): 389–426.</p>
     
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    <p>Nolan, Lawrence. "Descartes on What We Call ‘Color.’" In <em>Primary and Secondary Qualities:&nbsp;The Historical and Ongoing Debate</em>, edited by Lawrence Nolan, 81–108. Oxford, UK:&nbsp;Oxford University Press, 2011.</p>
     
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    <p>Nolan, Lawrence, ed. <em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556151.001.0001">Primary and Secondary Qualities: The Historical and Ongoing Debate</a></em>. </p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized"><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Primary_and_Secondary_Qualities.html?id=_cIkTLLkxOgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><img src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_9971-1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-1527" style="width:176px;height:268px"/></a></figure>
     
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    <li>See <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09608788.2012.686987">Matthew Stuart's Review</a>. <em><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/rbjh20">British Journal for the History of Philosophy</a></em> 20, no. 3 (2012): 640–42.</li>
     
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    <p>Nolan, Lawrence and John Whipple. 2006. "<a href="http://philpapers.org/archive/NOLTDT.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/archive/NOLTDT.pdf">The Dustbin Theory of Mind: A Cartesian Legacy?</a>." In <a href="http://philpapers.org/pub/1697/2006" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/pub/1697/2006"><em>Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy</em></a>, vol. 3, ch. 2, edited by Daniel Garber and <a href="https://714e4411-e80d-40da-9ac0-7d90e1d26dce.filesusr.com/ugd/4ee4bc_d1226add7c3640bab41d87b484723073.pdf">Steven</a> Nadler, 33–55. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2006.</p>
     
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    <p>Normore, Calvin. "Meaning and Objective Being: Descartes and His Sources." In <em>Essays on Descartes' Meditations</em>, edited by Amelie Oksenberg Rorty, 223–41. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p>Normore, Calvin. "The Matter of Thought." In <em>Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy</em>, edited by Henrik Lagerlund, 117–33. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2007.</p>
     
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    <p>O'Neil, Brian E. <em>Epistemological Direct Realism in Descartes</em>. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1974.</p>
     
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    <p>Pasnau, Robert. "<a href="http://philarchive.org/archive/DANDAT-2" data-type="link" data-id="http://philarchive.org/archive/DANDAT-2">Descartes and the Possibility of Enlightened Freedom</a>." <em>Res Philosophica</em> 94, no. 4 (2017): 499–534.</p>
     
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    <p>Patterson, Richard<em>. "</em>Descartes on the Objective Reality of Materially False Ideas<em>." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly</em> 71, no. 1 (1990): 34–64.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elliot-samuel-paul" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elliot-samuel-paul">Paul</a>, <a href="https://www.queensu.ca/philosophy/people/elliot-samuel-paul" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.queensu.ca/philosophy/people/elliot-samuel-paul">Elliot Samuel</a>. "<a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/cartesian-clarity.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0020.019;format=pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/cartesian-clarity.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0020.019;format=pdf">Cartesian Clarity</a>." <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/asearch.pl?pub=771">Philosophers Imprint</a></em>&nbsp;20, no. 19 (2020): 1–28.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elliot-samuel-paul" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elliot-samuel-paul">Paul</a>, <a href="https://www.queensu.ca/philosophy/people/elliot-samuel-paul" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.queensu.ca/philosophy/people/elliot-samuel-paul">Elliot Samuel</a>. "<a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FPAUCI&amp;data=05%7C01%7C16oc4%40queensu.ca%7C2c5b8a7c78f04362dfe208db2b8de26d%7Cd61ecb3b38b142d582c4efb2838b925c%7C1%7C0%7C638151660611907091%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=lDL6N0pyNWohiq8yK6ea%2FVAfk3jJLdQxdBYdHi4H2h4%3D&amp;reserved=0">Cartesian Intuition</a>." <em>British Journal of the History of Philosophy</em>, 31, no. 4 (2022): 693–723.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elliot-samuel-paul" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/elliot-samuel-paul">Paul</a>, <a href="https://www.queensu.ca/philosophy/people/elliot-samuel-paul" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.queensu.ca/philosophy/people/elliot-samuel-paul">Elliot Samuel</a>. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/archive/PAUDAA-2.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/archive/PAUDAA-2.pdf">Descartes’s Anti-Transparency and the Need for Radical Doubt</a>.”&nbsp;<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/PAUDAA-2"><em>Ergo</em>,&nbsp;5, no. 41, (2018)</a>: 1083–129.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Perler">Perler</a>, <a href="https://www.philosophie.hu-berlin.de/en/sections/theorie/mitarbeiter/perler/index.html">Dominik</a>. <img class="wp-image-1200" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_761B0A0B-A85A-4C14-8C5E-03D2FBEDD0C2.jpg" alt="Three transparent color headshots of Dominik Perler."> "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/PERIAO-3">Inside and Outside the Mind: Cartesian Representations Reconsidered</a>." In&nbsp;<em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3">Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present</a></em>, edited by Ralph Schumacher 69–87. Paderborn, Deutschland: Mentis, 2004.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Perler">Perler</a>, <a href="https://www.philosophie.hu-berlin.de/en/sections/theorie/mitarbeiter/perler/index.html">Dominik</a>. <em>Reprasentation bei Descartes</em>. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1996.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Perler">Perler</a>, <a href="https://www.philosophie.hu-berlin.de/en/sections/theorie/mitarbeiter/perler/index.html">Dominik</a> and <a href="https://www.uni-potsdam.de/de/phi/professuren-und-forschung/professur-fuer-theoretische-philosophie/prof-dr-johannes-haag">Johannes</a> <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/johannes-haag" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/johannes-haag">Haag</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AWL0PrM3UiYC&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=en&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books?id=AWL0PrM3UiYC&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=en&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity">Ideen. Repräsentationalismus in der frühen Neuzeit</a></em>. 2 vols. <img class="wp-image-1116" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9070.png" alt="The dark black book cover of &quot;Ideen. Repräsentationalismus in der frühen Neuzeit. Texte und Kommentare.&quot;"> Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 2010.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.conncoll.edu/directories/faculty-profiles/andrew-pessin/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.conncoll.edu/directories/faculty-profiles/andrew-pessin/">Pessin, Andrew</a>. "Cartesian Misrepresentation and the Willful Misuse of Ideas." <em>Pacific Philosophical Quarterly</em>, 80, nos. 3–4 (1999): 336–54.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.conncoll.edu/directories/faculty-profiles/andrew-pessin/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.conncoll.edu/directories/faculty-profiles/andrew-pessin/">Pessin, Andrew</a>. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/37615" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/37615">Descartes's Nomic Concurrentism: Finite Causation and Divine Concurrence</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 41, no. 1 (January 2003): 25–49.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.conncoll.edu/directories/faculty-profiles/andrew-pessin/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.conncoll.edu/directories/faculty-profiles/andrew-pessin/">Pessin, Andrew</a>. "<a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2381-0_1" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227144652_Mental_Transparency_Direct_Sensation_and_the_Unity_of_the_Cartesian_Mind">Mental</a><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227144652_Mental_Transparency_Direct_Sensation_and_the_Unity_of_the_Cartesian_Mind" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227144652_Mental_Transparency_Direct_Sensation_and_the_Unity_of_the_Cartesian_Mind"> Tranparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind</a>." In <em><a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-90-481-2381-0#toc" data-type="link" data-id="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-90-481-2381-0#toc">Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind</a></em>, edited by Jon Miller, 1–37. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 2008.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf"><strong>Alison Simmon's overview</strong></a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(2011): Nice treatment of other positions, and then argues that sensations do represent, and do so intrinsically (not based on, e.g., their causal or functional relations to the environment); they represent in virtue of their objective reality, but don't reveal to us from the inside what they represent because of their obscurity and confusion.</a></p>
     
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    <li>Read <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-90-481-2381-0/1?pdf=chapter%20toc" data-type="link" data-id="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-90-481-2381-0/1?pdf=chapter%20toc"><strong>Jon Miller's Introduction</strong></a> by clicking on .pdf button on right side. Miller's first paragraph gives an overview of Pessin's arguments.</li>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpapers.org/s/daisie%20radner">Radner</a>, Daisy. "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/226597" data-type="link" data-id="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/226597">Thought and Consciousness in Descartes</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 26, no. 3  (July 1988): 439–52.</p>
     
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    <p>Reed, Edward S. "Descartes' Corporeal Ideas Hypothesis and the Origins of Scientific Psychology."  <em>Review of Metaphysics</em> 35 (1982): 731–52.</p>
     
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    <p>Rickless, Samuel C. "The Cartesian Fallacy Fallacy." <em>Nous</em> 39 (2005): 315–17.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Rodis-Lewis" data-type="link" data-id="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Rodis-Lewis">Rodis-Lewis</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Genevi%C3%A8ve%20Rodis-Lewis" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Genevi%C3%A8ve%20Rodis-Lewis">Geneviève</a>. <a href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=FvEBN6uaj8YC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.fr/books?id=FvEBN6uaj8YC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Development of the Thought of Descartes</a>. Paris: Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1997.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Rodis-Lewis" data-type="link" data-id="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Rodis-Lewis">Rodis-Lewis</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Genevi%C3%A8ve%20Rodis-Lewis" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Genevi%C3%A8ve%20Rodis-Lewis">Geneviève</a>. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes.html?id=KrR-5EKLSQMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes.html?id=KrR-5EKLSQMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes: His Life and Thought</a></em>. Translated by Jane Marie Todd. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1998. Originally published in French under the title <em>Descartes, Biographie</em>, Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1995.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Rodis-Lewis" data-type="link" data-id="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Rodis-Lewis">Rodis-Lewis</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Genevi%C3%A8ve%20Rodis-Lewis" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Genevi%C3%A8ve%20Rodis-Lewis">Geneviève</a>. <em>L’Oeuvre de Descartes</em>. 1971. Vrin: Paris.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie</a> Oksenberg. "Cartesian Passions and the Union of Mind and Body." In <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes’ Meditations</a></em>, edited by <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie</a> Oksenberg <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, 513–34. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Rorty">Rorty</a>, <a href="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://amelierorty.blogspot.com/2008/03/amelie-oksenberg-rorty.html">Amélie</a> Oksenberg, ed. <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes' Meditations</a></em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p>Rozemond, Marleen. <em>Descartes's Dualism</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p>Rozemond, Marleen. "The Nature of the Mind." In <em>The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy</em>, Vol. 2, edited by Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers, 953–1002. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-212" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_CF821941-86EC-4500-82DC-44F1EBE38FBAb.jpeg" alt="An advertising banner of a framed color graphic of a radiological 3D picture of a brain in left profile  with various concepts found prominently in Descartes's theory of ideas circulating around inside the brain."></p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. "Deflating Descartes's Causal Axiom." <em>Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy</em>, 3 (2006): 1–31.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. <em>Descartes on Causation</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. “Descartes on Innate Ideas, Sensation, and Scholasticism: The Reponse to Regius.” In <em>Studies in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy</em>, edited by Michael A. Srewart, 33–74. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. "Malebranche's Cartesianism and Lockean Colors." <em>History of Philosophy Quarterly</em> 12 (1995): 387–403.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. <em>Malebranche's Theory of the Soul: A Cartesian Interpretation</em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. "Sensation, Occasionalism and Descartes’ Causal Principles." In <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Minds_Ideas_and_Objects/DlANAQAAMAAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Minds_Ideas_and_Objects/DlANAQAAMAAJ?hl=en">Minds, Ideas and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://clas.uiowa.edu/philosophy/people/phillip-d-cummins">Phillip</a> D. <a href="https://clas.uiowa.edu/philosophy/people/phillip-d-cummins">Cummins</a> and <a href="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf">Guenter</a> <a href="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.philosophie.uni-muenchen.de/lehreinheiten/philosophie_2/personen/zoeller/zoeller_publications_0623.pdf">Zoeller</a>, 37–55. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmaltz, Tad M. "Descartes on Innate Ideas, Sensation, and Scholasticism: the Response to Regius." In <em><a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/studies-in-seventeenth-century-european-philosophy-9780198239406?lang=en&amp;cc=us#" data-type="link" data-id="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/studies-in-seventeenth-century-european-philosophy-9780198239406?lang=en&amp;cc=us#">Studies in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy</a></em> (<em>Oxford Studies in the History of Philosophy</em>, Vol. 2), edited by M. A. Stewart, 33–73. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1998.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://apps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/as24" data-type="link" data-id="https://apps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/as24">Schmitter</a>, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22Amy%20Morgan%20Schmitter%22" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22Amy%20Morgan%20Schmitter%22">Amy</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20129675" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20129675">Representation, Self-Representation, and the Passions in Descartes</a>." <em>Review of Metaphysics</em> 48 (1994): 331–58.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://apps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/as24" data-type="link" data-id="https://apps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/as24">Schmitter</a>, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22Amy%20Morgan%20Schmitter%22" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22Amy%20Morgan%20Schmitter%22">Amy</a>. "<a href="https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/e921a58b-c8fd-4ea6-8d4d-9a3bffc249c4" data-type="link" data-id="http://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/e921a58b-c8fd-4ea6-8d4d-9a3bffc249c4/download/fd9e953d-122f-4486-a74e-00f13706a669">The Third Meditation on Objective Content: Representation and Intentional Content</a>." In  <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CUNTCC-2">The Cambridge Companion to Descartes’ Meditations</a></em>, edited by David Cunning 149–67. Cambridge, UK:  Cambridge University Press, 2014. <a href="http://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/e921a58b-c8fd-4ea6-8d4d-9a3bffc249c4/download/fd9e953d-122f-4486-a74e-00f13706a669" data-type="link" data-id="http://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/e921a58b-c8fd-4ea6-8d4d-9a3bffc249c4/download/fd9e953d-122f-4486-a74e-00f13706a669">Download it directly here</a>.</p>
     
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    <p>Schouls, Peter A. <em>Descartes and the Enlightenment</em>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1989.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://educ.ethz.ch/lernzentren/mint-lernzentrum/ueber-das-mint-lernzentrum/mitarbeiter-und-projekte/ralph-schumacher.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://educ.ethz.ch/lernzentren/mint-lernzentrum/ueber-das-mint-lernzentrum/mitarbeiter-und-projekte/ralph-schumacher.html">Schumacher</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Ralph%20Schumacher">Ralph</a> ed. <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3">Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present</a></em>. <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHPAR-3"><img class="wp-image-1210" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9117.jpeg" alt="The book cover for &quot;Perception and Reality: From Descartes to the Present.&quot;"></a> Paderborn: Mentis, 2004.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://philpeople.org/profiles/emanuela-scribano" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpeople.org/profiles/emanuela-scribano">Scribano, Emanuela</a>. "<a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/SCRDEL-2" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/rec/SCRDEL-2">Descartes et les vraies et fausses idées</a>". <a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/SCRDEL-2" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/rec/SCRDEL-2">Archives de Philosophie</a> 64, no. 2 (2001): 259–78.</p>
     
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    <p>Sebba, Gregor. "Descartes' Debt to Teresa of Avila, or The Influence of the Vida de la Madre Teresa de Jesus on the Exercices Spirituels and the Meditations." <em>Journal of the History of Ideas</em> 48 (1987): 211–44.</p>
     
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    <p>Secada, Jorge. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Cartesian_Metaphysics.html?id=Ee1-w4F0qv8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Cartesian_Metaphysics.html?id=Ee1-w4F0qv8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Cartesian Metaphysics: The Scholastic Origins of Modern Philosophy</a></em>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. "<a href="https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Wilfrid-Sellars-Kevin-Scharp-Robert-B.-Brandom-In-the-Space-of-Reasons_-Selected-Essays-of-Wilfrid-Sellars-Harvard-University-Press-2007.pdf">Being and Being Known</a>." <em>Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association</em> 34 (1960): 28–49.</p>
     
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    <p>See "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25170911">The Philosophical Works of Wilfrid Sellars</a>" compiled by Pedro Amaral and Jeffrey in <em>Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie </em><a class="  " href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25170894">22, no. 1 (1991)</a>: 187–193.</p>
     
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    <p>See "<a href="http://www.ditext.com/sellars/bib-s.html">Bibliography of Wilfrid Sellars</a>" (in alphabetical order of abbreviations) compiled by Andrew Chrucky with numerous hyperlinked articles.</p>
     
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    <p>See <a href="https://philpapers.org/browse/wilfrid-sellars">seven hundred twenty-one (721) papers</a> written on Sellars edited by&nbsp;<a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/willem-a-devries">Willem A. DeVries</a>. </p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. "<a href="https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3A31735062217769/viewer#page/1/mode/2up">Berkeley and Descartes: Reflections on the Theory of Ideas</a>." In <em>Studies in Perception: Interpretation in the History of Philosophy and Science</em>, edited by Peter K. Machamer and Robert G. Turnbull, 259–311. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1977.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. "<a href="http://www.ditext.com/sellars/epm.html">Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind</a>." In <em>Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science</em>, Vol. I., edited by Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven, 253–329. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1956.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. <em><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/476926191/Kant-And-Pre-Kantian-Themes-Lectures-By-Wilfrid-Sellars-2002-Ridgeview-Pub-Co-1-pdf">Kant and Pre-Kantian Themes: Lectures by Wilfrid Sellars</a></em>. Edited by Pedro V. Amaral. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 2002.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. <em><a href="https://ebin.pub/kants-transcendental-metaphysics-sellars-cassirer-lectures-notes-and-other-essays-0922924893.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://ebin.pub/kants-transcendental-metaphysics-sellars-cassirer-lectures-notes-and-other-essays-0922924893.html">Kant’s Transcendental Metaphysics: Sellars’ Cassirer Lectures Notes and Other Essays</a></em>. Edited by Jeffrey F. Sicha. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 2002.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. "<a href="http://www.ditext.com/sellars/psim.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ditext.com/sellars/psim.html">Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man</a>." In <em>Frontiers of Science and Philosophy</em>, edited by Robert Colodny, 35–78. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962. Reprinted in&nbsp;<em>Science, Perception and Reality</em>, London, UK: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963. A collection of some of Sellars's lectures and articles from 1951 to 1962. See screen capture for reproduced titles. <img class="wp-image-1488" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIX_EC8DC7B9-753F-4CB6-82B9-CAC8593F7992.png" alt="A screen capture of the Table of Contents for &quot;Science, Perception, and Reality&quot; by Wilfrid Sellars."></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Sellars">Sellars</a>, <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/">Wilfrid</a>. <em>Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes</em>. The John Locke Lectures for 1965–66. London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, 1968.</p>
     
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    <p>Sencerz, Stefan. "Descartes on Sensations and Animal Minds."&nbsp;<em>Philosophical Papers</em> 9 (1990): 119–41.</p>
     
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    <p>Sepper, Dennis L. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_s_Imagination.html?id=bDS1cCdw7oEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_s_Imagination.html?id=bDS1cCdw7oEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes's Imagination: Proportion, Images, and the Activity of Thinking</a></em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/profile/Dmytro-Sepetyi">Septeyi, Dymtro</a>. "<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dmytro-Sepetyi/publication/350566722_The_problem_of_mind-body_interaction_and_the_causal_principle_of_Descartes's_Third_Meditation/links/610e7ecd1e95fe241ab73463/The-problem-of-mind-body-interaction-and-the-causal-principle-of-Descartess-Third-Meditation.pdf?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dmytro-Sepetyi/publication/350566722_The_problem_of_mind-body_interaction_and_the_causal_principle_of_Descartes's_Third_Meditation/links/610e7ecd1e95fe241ab73463/The-problem-of-mind-body-interaction-and-the-causal-principle-of-Descartess-Third-Meditation.pdf?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19">The problem of mind–body interaction in the causal principle of Descartes's Third Meditation</a>." <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/journal/Sententiae-2308-8915">Sententiae</a>&nbsp;40 no. 1 (April 2021): 28–43.<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/profile/Dmytro-Sepetyi"></a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="http://shapiro.philosophy.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/541/2014/06/WebCV.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://shapiro.philosophy.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/541/2014/06/WebCV.pdf">Shapiro, Lionel</a>. "<a href="http://philarchive.org/archive/SHAIBA" data-type="link" data-id="http://philarchive.org/archive/SHAIBA">Intentionality Bifurcated: A Lesson from Early Modern Philosophy?</a>. In <em><a href="http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-6241-1" data-type="link" data-id="http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-6241-1">Contemporary Perspectives on Early Modern Philosophy: Nature and Norms in Thought</a></em>'' (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, Vol. 29), edited by Martin Lenz and A. Waldow, 39–51. Dordrecht: Springer, June, 2013.</p>
     
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    <p>Shapiro, Lionel. "Objective Being and 'Ofness' in Descartes." <em>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research</em> 84, no. 2 (2012): 378-418.</p>
     
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    <p>Shapiro, Lisa. "How We Experience the World: Passionate Perception in Descartes and Spinoza." In <em><a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/emotion-and-cognitive-life-in-medieval-and-early-modern-philosophy-9780199579914?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;" data-type="link" data-id="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/emotion-and-cognitive-life-in-medieval-and-early-modern-philosophy-9780199579914?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;">Emotion and Reason in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy</a></em>, edited by Martin Pickavé and Lisa Shapiro, 193–216. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.</p>
     
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    <p>Sievert, Donald. "<a href="https://vdocuments.mx/sellars-and-descartes-on-the-fundamental-form-of-the-mental.html?page=1" data-type="link" data-id="https://vdocuments.mx/sellars-and-descartes-on-the-fundamental-form-of-the-mental.html?page=1">Sellars and Descartes on the Fundamental Form of the Mental</a>." <em>Philosophical Studies</em> 37, no. 3 (1980): 251–57.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2671991" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2671991">Are Cartesian Sensations Representational?</a>." <em>Noûs</em> 33, no. 3 (1999): 347–69.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/cartesian-consciousness-reconsidered.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0012.002;format=pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/cartesian-consciousness-reconsidered.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0012.002;format=pdf">Cartesian Consciousness Reconsidered</a>." <em>Philosopher's Imprint</em> 12, no. 2 (January 2012): 1–21.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20140627#" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20140627#">Descartes on the Cognitive Structure of Sensory Experience</a>." <em>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research</em> 67, no. 3 (January 2003): 549–79.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf"><strong>Alison Simmon's overview</strong></a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(2011): Argues against the (then) prevailing view that primary quality perception is somehow more intellectual than secondary quality perception, and that, as a result, sensory experience is curiously "bifurcated" into an intellectual and sensory component. Explores along the way some of the details of Descartes' account of sensory processing.</a></p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Guarding-the-Body-%3A-A-Cartesian-Phenomenology-of-Simmons/2f43a7788b4d74ade054020ab7dcba28e5353117">Guarding the Body: A Cartesian Phenomenology of Perception</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhBbDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT7&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhBbDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT7&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Contemporary Perspectives on Early Modern Philosophy Essays in Honor of Vere Chappell</a></em>, edited by Paul Hoffman, David Owen, and Gideon Yaffe, 81–113. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2008.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SIMMST-2" target="_blank">Making Sense: The Problem of Phenomenal Qualities in Late Scholastic Aristotelianism and Descartes</a>." PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994. Major advisor: <a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~hatfield/">Gary Hatfield</a>.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-descartes-lexicon/representation/8E479549499D6B336D0650CC0F5D8BCB" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-descartes-lexicon/representation/8E479549499D6B336D0650CC0F5D8BCB">Representation</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Descartes_Lexicon.html?id=gGdSCwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Cambridge_Descartes_Lexicon.html?id=gGdSCwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">The Cambridge Descartes Lexicon</a></em>, edited by Lawrence Nolan, 645–655. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf"><strong>Alison Simmon's summary</strong></a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(2011): Provides an overview of the interpretive controversies concerning the nature of representation in Descartes' work, including sensory representation. Do sensory ideas represent anything? If so, what? And how (in virtue of what)? The standard line used to be that they don't represent anything at all (they are "mere sensations"), but today the majority interpretive view is that they do represent, though there is considerable controversy over what and how they represent. This topic gets into some thorny technical apparatus concerning ideas, objective  reality, material falsity, and obscurity and confusion.</a></p>
     
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    <p>[The plural of the singular 'apparatus' (sometimes spelled and pronounced <em>apparātus</em>) can be <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apparatus">apparatuses</a>, or even just <a href="https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/147989/what-is-the-proper-plural-form-of-apparatus" data-type="link" data-id="https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/147989/what-is-the-proper-plural-form-of-apparatus">apparatus</a> (sometimes spelled and pronounced <em>apparātūs</em>)!]</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/alison-simmons">Simmons</a>, <a href="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons" data-type="link" data-id="http://philosophy.fas.harvard.edu/people/alison-simmons">Alison</a>. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43154420">Spatial Perception from a Cartesian Point of View</a>." <em>Philosophical Topics</em> 31 (2003): 395–423.</p>
     
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    <p>Skirry, Justin. <em>Descartes and the Metaphysics of Human Nature</em>. London: Thoemmes-Continuum Press, 2005.</p>
     
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    <p>Smith, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/kurt-smith">Kurt</a> <a href="https://simplycharly.com/interviews/discourse-on-cartesian-method-kurt-smiths-new-book-provides-an-understanding-of-rene-descartes-philosophy/">Dwayne</a>. "Descartes on Representation, Ideas, and Sensations." Ph.D. diss., The Claremont Graduate University 1998.</p>
     
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    <p>Smith, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/kurt-smith">Kurt</a> <a href="https://simplycharly.com/interviews/discourse-on-cartesian-method-kurt-smiths-new-book-provides-an-understanding-of-rene-descartes-philosophy/">Dwayne</a>. "<a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ideas/">Descartes's Theory of Ideas</a>." In <em>The</em> <em>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</em> (Fall 2021 Edition), edited by Edward N. Zalta. First published March 14, 2007; substantive revision August 3, 2021. URL = &lt;https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/descartes-ideas/&gt;. </p>
     
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    <p>Smith, Nathan and Jason Taylor, eds. <em><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005">Descartes and Cartesianism</a></em> <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005"><img class="wp-image-1023" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8981.png" alt="The turquoise book cover of &quot;Descartes and Cartesianism.&quot;" /></a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2005.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.frostburg.edu/departments/philosophy/dept-faculty.php#sb">Smith</a> (now <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/shoshana-r-brassfield">Brassfield</a>), Shoshana Rose. "<a href="https://philarchive.org/archive/SMICADv1" data-type="link" data-id="https://philarchive.org/archive/SMICADv1">Clearness and Distinctness in Descartes's Philosophy</a>." <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SMICAD">PhD diss.</a> University of California, Berkeley, Spring, 2005. <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/detail/114">Dissertation advisors:</a> <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/people/dissertations/9">Janet Broughton</a> and <a href="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/rails/active_storage/disk/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDVG9JYTJWNVNTSWhiWFp5WlhWc2FHSmxhblI1Wkc5dWJYcGlaSEU1WkROdGJHVjFaZ1k2QmtWVU9oQmthWE53YjNOcGRHbHZia2tpVFdsdWJHbHVaVHNnWm1sc1pXNWhiV1U5SW1OMlh6SXdNakZmTURWZk16RXVjR1JtSWpzZ1ptbHNaVzVoYldVcVBWVlVSaTA0SnlkamRsOHlNREl4WHpBMVh6TXhMbkJrWmdZN0JsUTZFV052Ym5SbGJuUmZkSGx3WlVraUZHRndjR3hwWTJGMGFXOXVMM0JrWmdZN0JsUTZFWE5sY25acFkyVmZibUZ0WlRvS2JHOWpZV3c9IiwiZXhwIjoiMjAyMy0xMC0xMVQxMjo0OTozMy4zNzNaIiwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9rZXkifX0=--dae9c27fd4b1c049806f7493746cde60b2a16904/cv_2021_05_31.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://philosophy.berkeley.edu/rails/active_storage/disk/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDVG9JYTJWNVNTSWhiWFp5WlhWc2FHSmxhblI1Wkc5dWJYcGlaSEU1WkROdGJHVjFaZ1k2QmtWVU9oQmthWE53YjNOcGRHbHZia2tpVFdsdWJHbHVaVHNnWm1sc1pXNWhiV1U5SW1OMlh6SXdNakZmTURWZk16RXVjR1JtSWpzZ1ptbHNaVzVoYldVcVBWVlVSaTA0SnlkamRsOHlNREl4WHpBMVh6TXhMbkJrWmdZN0JsUTZFV052Ym5SbGJuUmZkSGx3WlVraUZHRndjR3hwWTJGMGFXOXVMM0JrWmdZN0JsUTZFWE5sY25acFkyVmZibUZ0WlRvS2JHOWpZV3c9IiwiZXhwIjoiMjAyMy0xMC0xMVQxMjo0OTozMy4zNzNaIiwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9rZXkifX0=--dae9c27fd4b1c049806f7493746cde60b2a16904/cv_2021_05_31.pdf">Hannah Ginsborg</a>.</p>
     
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    <p>Soffer, Gail. "Descartes's A Priori Argument." <em>Philosophy</em> 71, no. 278 (1996): 553–72.</p>
     
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    <p>Steiner, Gary. "Descartes on the moral status of animals." <em>Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie</em> 80, no. 3 (1998): 268–91.</p>
     
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    <p>Stewart, Michael Alexander ed. <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Studies_in_Seventeenth_century_European/44EFAQAAIAAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Studies_in_Seventeenth_century_European/44EFAQAAIAAJ?hl=en">Studies in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy</a></em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</p>
     
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    <p>Read <a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/revmetaph/content/revmetaph_2000_53_3_0735_0735" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.pdcnet.org/revmetaph/content/revmetaph_2000_53_3_0735_0735">Kurt Smith's Review</a> in the <em>Review of Metaphysics</em> 53, no. 3, (March 2000): 735–36.</p>
     
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    <p>Stich, Stephen, ed. <em>Innate Ideas</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975.</p>
     
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    <p>Strawson, Galen. <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes_s_Theory_of_Mind.html?id=vdMuz_75vRYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><em>Descartes's Theory of the Mind</em></a>. Oxford, UK:  Oxford, 2004.  </p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Descartes-2.jpg" data-type="link" data-id="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Descartes-2.jpg"><img class="wp-image-721" style="width: 1000px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_2337b10-1.jpeg" alt="A framed color  advertising graphic for  DTOI website of a flowering branching tree with a female helmeted warrior to the right of the tree hold a scrolling bannner draping to left with the Latin words &quot;Cartesii theoria idearum&quot; written on it three times and prominent categories in the theory of ideas written on the tree." /></a></p>
     
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    <p>Tipton, Ian. "'Ideas' and 'Objects': Locke on Perceiving 'Things'." In <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Minds_Ideas_and_Objects/DlANAQAAMAAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Minds_Ideas_and_Objects/DlANAQAAMAAJ?hl=en">Minds, Ideas, and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy</a></em>, edited by Phillip Cummins and Guenter Zoeller, 97–110. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p>Van de Pitte, Frederick. "<a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/VANDII" data-type="link" data-id="http://philpapers.org/rec/VANDII">Descartes' Innate Ideas</a>." <em>Kant-Studien</em> 76 (1985): 362–84.</p>
     
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    <p>Verbeek, Theo. <em>Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesian Philosophy 1637–1650</em>. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p>Vinci, Thomas C. <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cartesian_Truth/xCHoCwAAQBAJ?hl=en" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cartesian_Truth/xCHoCwAAQBAJ?hl=en">Cartesian Truth</a></em>. New York, Oxford University Press, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p>Voss, Stephen. "Descartes: The End of Anthropology." In <em>The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</em>, edited by John Cottingham, 273–305. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p>Voss, Stephen, ed. <em>Essays on the Philosophy and Science of René Descartes</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p>Wee, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Cecilia%20Wee" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Cecilia%20Wee">Cecila</a>. "<a href="http://people.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/682%20Readings/wee%20animals.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://people.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/682%20Readings/wee%20animals.pdf">Animal Sentience and Descartes's Dualism: Exploring the Implications of Baker and Morris's Views</a>." <em>British Journal for the History of Philosophy</em> 13, no. 4 (2005): 611–26.</p>
     
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    <p>Wee, Cecilia. "<a href="https://doi.org/10.5840/philinquiry2003251/25" data-type="link" data-id="https://doi.org/10.5840/philinquiry2003251/25">Descartes' Infallibility Thesis</a>." <em>Philosophical Inquiry</em>, 25, nos. 1/2 (Winter 2003): 59–70.</p>
     
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    <p>Wee, Cecilia Tek Neo. "<a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/WEEMFI" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/WEEMFI">Material Falsity in Descartes's Meditations</a>." PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p>Wee, Cecilia. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Material_Falsity_and_Error_in_Descartes.html?id=T8l-AgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Material_Falsity_and_Error_in_Descartes.html?id=T8l-AgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Material Falsity and Error in Descartes's Meditations</a></em>. New York: Routledge, 2006. Read <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a> <a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa's</a> "<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/251332">Review of Cecilia Wee’s Material Falsity and Error in Descartes’s Meditations</a>." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 46, no. 4 (2008): 641–42.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. "The Circle of Ideas." <em>American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly</em> 67, no. 4 (1993): 513–35.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. 1998. "Descartes and Suarez on Secondary Qualities: A Tale of Two Readings." ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 51, no. 3 (1998): 565-604.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. "Descartes' Idea and its Sources." <em>American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly</em> 67, no. 4 (1993): 513–35.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. "Material Falsity in Descartes, Arnauld, and Suarez." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 22 (1984): 25–50.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. "Objective Being: Descartes and His Sources." <em>The Modern Schoolman</em> 45 (1967–1968): 49–61.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. "Objective Reality of Ideas in Descartes, Caterus, and Suarez." <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 28, no. 1 (1990): 33–61.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.mesaieux.com/Obituary/Norman-J.-Wells/10086586">Wells</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Norman%20j%20wells">Norman J</a>. "The Problem of Material Falsity in Descartes's Early Philosophy." <em>American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly</em> 64 (1990): 171–90.</p>
     
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    <p>Williams, Bernard. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes.html?id=fYFwLu6Vc7IC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Descartes.html?id=fYFwLu6Vc7IC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry</a></em>. Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1978.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Catherine. <em>Descartes' Meditations: An Introduction</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Margaret Dauler. <em>Descartes</em>. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Margaret D.1993. "<a href="https://academic.oup.com/book/27673/chapter-abstract/197802942?redirectedFrom=fulltext" data-type="link" data-id="https://academic.oup.com/book/27673/chapter-abstract/197802942?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Descartes on the Perception of Primary Qualities</a>." In <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Essays_on_the_Philosophy_and_Science_of.html?id=tPQ6qV8frKcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Essays_on_the_Philosophy_and_Science_of.html?id=tPQ6qV8frKcC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=kp_read_button&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;gboemv=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Essays on the Philosophy and Science of Rene Descartes</a></em>, edited by Stephen Voss, 162–76. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1993. <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400864980.26/html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400864980.26/html">Also in</a> <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/WILIAM-2">Ideas and Mechanism: Essays on Early Modern Philosophy</a></em>, <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400864980.26/html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400864980.26/html">26–40</a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Margaret D. "<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEuBUgA46EsC&amp;pg=PA70&amp;lpg=PA69&amp;focus=viewport&amp;hl=fr#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEuBUgA46EsC&amp;pg=PA70&amp;lpg=PA69&amp;focus=viewport&amp;hl=fr#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Descartes on the Representationality of Sensation</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400864980.69/html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400864980.69/html">Ideas and Mechanism: Essays on Early Modern Philosophy</a></em>, Ch. 5, 69–83. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. Also in <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Central_Themes_in_Early_Modern_Philosoph.html?id=pD13AX54iP4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Central_Themes_in_Early_Modern_Philosoph.html?id=pD13AX54iP4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Central Themes in Early Modern Philosophy</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.cla.purdue.edu/directory/profiles/jan-cover.html" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cla.purdue.edu/directory/profiles/jan-cover.html">Jan A.</a> <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/J.%20A.%20Cover" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/J.%20A.%20Cover">Cover</a> and <a href="https://arruf.rice.edu/members/Mark-Kulstad#:~:text=Professor%20Emeritus%20of%20Philosophy%20and,.rice.edu%2F~kulstad%2F" data-type="link" data-id="https://arruf.rice.edu/members/Mark-Kulstad#:~:text=Professor%20Emeritus%20of%20Philosophy%20and,.rice.edu%2F~kulstad%2F">Mark</a> <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Mark%20Kulstad" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Mark%20Kulstad">Kulstad</a>, 1–22. Cambridge, MA: Hackett Publishing Co., 1990. Read <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2659872" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2659872">Michael Della Rocca's Review</a> of Wilson's collected essays.</p>
     
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    <p><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf"><strong>Alison Simmon's overview</strong></a> <a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/alisonsimmons/files/phil_223_short_syllabus.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/syllabi/630_Seminar_Descartes_FA2015.pdf">(2011): Landmark article trying to sort out what mental (and especially sensory) representation might amount to in Descartes; distinguishes two kinds of representationality, which she calls “presentational” and “referential.” The article also dives into the labyrinth of Descartes’ treatment of material falsity in the Fourth Replies.</a></p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Margaret D. "Descartes on Sense and 'Resemblance'." In <em><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/WILIAM-2">Ideas and Mechanism: Essays on Early Modern Philosophy</a></em>, 10–25. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Margaret D. "History of Philosophy in Philosophy Today; and The Case of the Sensible Qualities." <em>Philosophical Review</em> 101, no. 1 (1992): 191–243.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Margaret D. <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Ideas_and_Mechanism.html?id=gEuBUgA46EsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Ideas_and_Mechanism.html?id=gEuBUgA46EsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">Ideas and Mechanism</a></em>: <em><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zvjr3" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zvjr3">Essays on Early Modern Philosophy</a></em>. <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Ideas_and_Mechanism.html?id=gEuBUgA46EsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false" data-type="link" data-id="https://books.google.com/books/about/Ideas_and_Mechanism.html?id=gEuBUgA46EsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;source=gb_mobile_entity&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=US#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><img class="wp-image-1011" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8826.jpg" alt="The tricolored (gray, tan, and butterscotch) book cover for &quot;Ideas and Mechanisms&quot; the collected essays of Margaret D. Wilson." /></a>Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p>Williams, Michael. "Descartes and the Metaphysics of Doubt." In <em><a href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520055094/essays-on-descartes-meditations">Essays on Descartes' Meditations</a></em>, edited by Amelie O. Rorty, 117–39. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.</p>
     
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    <p>Wolf-Devine, Celia. <em>Descartes on Seeing: Epistemology and Visual Perception</em>. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John W. "Descartes and Material Qualities." In <em>The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</em>, edited by John Cottingham, 273–305. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John. "Mirrors and Veils, Thoughts and Things: the Epistemological Problematic." In <em>Reading Rorty: Critical Responses to 'Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature'</em>, edited by <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Alan%20R.%20Malachowski">Alan R. Malachowski</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Jo%20Burrows">Jo Burrows</a> &amp; <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Richard%20Rorty">Richard Rorty</a>, 58–73. Oxford, UK: Oxford, 1990. Read <a href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/surfaces/1900-v1-n1-surfaces04925/1065248ar.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/surfaces/1900-v1-n1-surfaces04925/1065248ar.pdf">Imre Szeman's Review of <em>Reading Rorty</em></a> in <em><a href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/surfaces/1992-v2-surfaces04925/1065248ar/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/surfaces/1992-v2-surfaces04925/1065248ar/">Surfaces</a></em> 2, 1992 (Proceedings of the conference "Rethinking Culture").</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John. "<a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/On-Being-Present-to-the-Mind%3A-A-Sketch-for-the-of-Yolton/05c45254d725aa0deee2579b93d87329c6681a4f">On Being Present to the Mind: A Sketch for the History of an Idea</a>." <em>Dialogue</em> 14, no. 3 (1975): 373–88. See <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=R.%20F.%20McRae&amp;eventCode=SE-AU">Robert F. McRae's </a>"<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/article/abs/on-being-present-to-the-mind-a-reply/275A108BE402FA7B29F50063F6F3730B">On Being Present to the Mind: A Reply</a>." <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie">Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review / Revue canadienne de philosophie </a>, <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/volume/6CFB133910644562EDBFDB1BC12A6A00">Volume 14 </a>, <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/issue/313BDF4B1FC08D303295564C25E447F3">Issue 4 </a>, (December 1975): 664–66. Published online by Cambridge University Press: May 5, 2010.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John W. <i>Perception and Reality: a history from Descartes to Kant</i> (Ithaca, 1996), see especially 183-214.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John W. <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/perceptualacquai0000yolt_x7l7/mode/2up?wrapper=false&amp;view=theater" data-type="link" data-id="https://archive.org/details/perceptualacquai0000yolt_x7l7/mode/2up?wrapper=false&amp;view=theater">Perceptual Acquaintance: From Descartes to Reid</a></em>. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John W. "<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11636037/" data-type="link" data-id="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11636037/">Perceptual Cognition with Descartes</a>." In <em>Studia Cartesiana</em> 2, 63–83. Amsterdam: Quadratures, 1981.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John. “<a href="https://academic.oup.com/mind/article-abstract/XCVI/383/318/946074?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Representation and Realism: Some Reflections on the Way of Ideas</a>.” <em>Mind</em> 96, no. 383 (July 1987): 318–30.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John. "Review of Stephen Nadler, <em>Arnauld and the Cartesian Philosophy of Ideas</em>." <em>Journal of Philosophy</em> 88 (1991): 109–12.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John. "The Way of Ideas: a Retrospective." <em>Journal of Philosophy</em> 87 (1990), 510–16.</p>
     
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    <p>Zupko, Jack. "What Am I? Descartes's Various Ways of Considering the Self." In <em>Journal of the History of Philosophy</em> 31, no. 4 (1993): 493–518.</p>
     
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    <figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-large"><img class="wp-image-952" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/SIX_9E74735D-E83C-46F4-91E5-66CF663BD4DEb-1024x782.jpeg" alt="" /></figure>
     
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    <h2 id="relevant-contemporary-sources" class="wp-block-heading">Relevant Contemporary Sources</h2>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-1050" style="width: 26px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9059.png" alt="A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point." /> Block, Ned. “Qualia.” In <em><a href="https://www.wiley.com/en-us/A+Companion+to+the+Philosophy+of+Mind-p-9781405164597">A Companion to Philosophy of Mind</a></em>, edited by <a href="https://www.bbk.ac.uk/about-us/fellows/professor-samuel-guttenplan">Samuel</a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Guttenplan">Guttenplan</a>, 514–20. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 1994.</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-1050" style="width: 26px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9059.png" alt="A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point." /> <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/darragh-byrne" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/darragh-byrne">Byrne</a>, <a href="https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/staff/profiles/philosophy/byrne-darragh.aspx" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/staff/profiles/philosophy/byrne-darragh.aspx">Darragh</a>. "<a href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0076.xml?rskey=eIrL7M&amp;result=17&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0076.xml?rskey=eIrL7M&amp;result=17&amp;q=Descartes#firstMatch">Metaphysics of Mind</a>." (Last reviewed December 1, 2022. Last modified: May 10, 2010. DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780195396577-0076).</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-1050" style="width: 26px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9059.png" alt="A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point." /> <a href="http://www.greggcaruso.com/home.html" data-type="link" data-id="http://www.greggcaruso.com/home.html">Caruso</a>, <a href="https://philpeople.org/profiles/gregg-d-caruso" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpeople.org/profiles/gregg-d-caruso">Gregg D.</a>. "<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005">Sensory States, Consciousness, and the Cartesian Assumption</a>." In <em><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005">Descartes and Cartesianism</a></em> <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005"><img class="wp-image-1023" style="width: 150px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_8981.png" alt="The turquoise book cover of &quot;Descartes and Cartesianism.&quot;" /></a>, edited by Nathan Smith and Jason Taylor, 177–99. Cambridge Scholars Press, 2005. Click below on <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARSSC" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARSSC">AUTHOR's ABSTRACT</a> or <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005">EDITOR's INTRODUCTION</a> for source of quotation.</p>
     
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    <p><strong><a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARSSC" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARSSC">AUTHOR's ABSTRACT</a>:</strong> <a href="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARSSC" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/rec/CARSSC">One of the central assumptions made in much of contemporary philosophy of mind is that there is no appearance-reality distinction when it comes to sensory states. On this assumption, sensory states simply are as they seem: consciousness is an intrinsic property of sensory states—that is, all sensory states are conscious—and the consciousness of one’s own sensory states is never inaccurate. For a sensation to be felt as pain, for example, is for it to be pain. This assumption, which I call the Cartesian assumption, can be seen everywhere from the standard arguments against physicalism—such as those advanced by Kripke, Nagel, and Levine—to current theorizing about consciousness. I here argue that this assumption is false and that it goes wrong in two ways. I further argue that the appeal of the Cartesian assumption is due to a commitment many still have to a poorly motivated and misguided Cartesian model of consciousness and its relation to mental states. As an alternative to this Cartesian concept of mind, I argue for a theory of consciousness which claims that the “phenomenal character” of a sensation or perception—the “what it’s like” to have that sensation—is determined by the content of a higher-order thought one has of that sensory state.</a></p>
     
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    <p><strong><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">EDITORS'S INTRODUCTION</span></span></a></strong><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">: </span></span><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.scribd.com/document/190305090/Nathan-Smith-and-Jason-Taylor-Descartes-and-Cartesianism-2005"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">In “Sensory States, Consciousness, and the Cartesian Assumption,” Gregg Caruso approaches the</span></span><em> res cogitans </em>from the concerns of contemporary philosophy of mind, investigating, specifically, the relationship between sensation and consciousness. Carouso challenges, the assumption, which he calls the "Cartesian assumption," that the range of sensation is co-extensive with consciousness: to have a sensation is to be aware of having a sensation. With examples from both ordinary experience and cognitive science, Carouso argues that this assumption can be undermined in two ways. First, we can have real sensations, which do not appear to us as sensations. Second, we can appear to have sensations which are not really sensations for us. Caruso concludes by offering an alternative theory of mind, the HOT (Higher Order Thought) model, which he believes more adequately represents the variety of our experience.</a></p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-1050" style="width: 26px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9059.png" alt="A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point." /> <a href="https://raffaelladerosa.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://raffaelladerosa.com/">De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa" data-type="link" data-id="https://philpapers.org/s/Raffaella%20De%20Rosa">Raffaella</a>. "<a href="http://www-oxfordbibliographies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0272.xml#obo-9780195396577-0272-bibItem-0017" data-type="link" data-id="http://www-oxfordbibliographies-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0272.xml#obo-9780195396577-0272-bibItem-0017">René Descartes: Sensory Representations</a>."<br />(Last reviewed July 24, 2019. Last modified: July 28, 2015. DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780195396577-0272).</p>
     
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    <p><img class="wp-image-1050" style="width: 26px;" src="https://drdavidcring.net/descartes-ideas/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMG_9059.png" alt="A transparent 28 pt. rainbow colored hexagon used as a bullet point." /> <a href="https://www.cmc.edu/academic/faculty/profile/amy-kind" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.cmc.edu/academic/faculty/profile/amy-kind">Kind</a>, <a href="https://www.amykind.com/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.amykind.com/">Amy</a>. “<a href="https://iep.utm.edu/qualia/" data-type="link" data-id="https://iep.utm.edu/qualia/">Qualia</a>.” In <em><a href="https://iep.utm.edu/" data-type="link" data-id="https://iep.utm.edu/">The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></em>, September 27, 2023. See <a href="https://iep.utm.edu/qualia/#H7" data-type="link" data-id="https://iep.utm.edu/qualia/#H7">Amy Kind's Bibliography under "7. References and Further Reading" in her "Qualia</a>."</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, John. "Representation and Realism: Some Reflections on the Way of Ideas." <em>Mind</em> 96 (1987): 318–30.</p>
     
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    <p>Yolton, Perception and Reality: a history from Descartes to Kant (Ithaca, 1996), see especially 183-214. 11 See also John Sutton, Philosophy and Memory Traces: Descartes to connectionism (Cambridge, 1998), 294-7.</p>
     
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    <p>Descartes on Epistemology by Lex Newmsn</p>
     
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    <p>–––, 2006. “Judgment and Will,” in ''The Blackwell Companion to Descartes’ Meditations'', ed. Stephen Gaukroger, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.</p>
     
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    <p>Frankfurt, Harry, 1966. “Descartes’s Discussion of His Existence in the Second Meditation, ” Philosophical Review, 75: 329–56.</p>
     
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    <p>–––, 1970. Demons, Dreamers, and Madmen, Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company.</p>
     
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    <p>–––, 1978. “Descartes on the Consistency of Reason,” in Descartes: Critical and Interpretive Essays, ed. M. Hooker, Johns Hopkins University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Friedman, Michael, 1997. “Descartes on the Real Existence of Matter,” Topoi, 16: 153–162.</p>
     
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    <p>–––, 1978. “A Discourse on Descartes’s Method,” in Descartes: Critical and Interpretive Essays, ed. Michael Hooker, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>==='''Cecilia Wee Bibliography'''===</p>
     
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    <p>162 Select bibliography</p>
     
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    <p>Alanen, L. (1994) ‘Sensory Ideas, Objective Reality and Material Falsity’, in J. Cottingham (ed. 1994), 229–50.</p>
     
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    <p>——(2003) Descartes’s Concept of Mind, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Arbini, R. (1983) ‘Did Descartes have a Philosophical Theory of Sense Perception?’, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 21: 317–88.</p>
     
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    <p>Ariew, R. (1999) Descartes and the Last Scholastics, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Ariew, R. and M. Grene (ed. 1995) Descartes and His Contemporaries: Meditations, Objections and Replies, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1995) ‘Ideas, In and Before Descartes’, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 56: 87–106. Armogathe, J-R (1979) ‘Vers un autre Descartes’, in Travaux récents sur le XVIIe siècle, 17: 189–98.</p>
     
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    <p>Bennett, J. (1994) ‘Descartes’s Theory of Modality’, Philosophical Review, 103: 639–67. Beyssade, J.M. (1992) ‘Descartes on Material Falsity’ in ''Minds, Ideas, and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy'', ed. Phillip D. Cummins and Guenter Zoeller, Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview Press, 5–20.</p>
     
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    <p>Bolton, M. (1986) ‘Confused and Obscure Ideas of Sense’, in A.O. Rorty (ed.), ''Essays on Descartes’ Meditations'', Berkeley: University of California Press, 389–403.</p>
     
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    <p>Boros, G. (2001) ‘Ethics in an Age of Automata: Ambiguities in Descartes’s Concept of an Ethics’, ''History of Philosophy Quarterly'', 18: 139–54.</p>
     
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    <p>Broughton, J. (2002) ''Descartes’s Method of Doubt'', Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Calvert, B. (1972) ‘Descartes and the Problem of Evil’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2: 117–26.</p>
     
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    <p>Carraud, V. (1987) ‘The Relevance of Cartesianism’ in Contemporary French Philosophy, ed. A. Phillips Griffiths, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Carriero, J. (1990) ''Descartes and the Autonomy of the Human Understanding'', New York: Garland.</p>
     
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    <p>Chappell, V. (1986) ‘The Theory of Ideas’, in A.O. Rorty (ed.), ''Essays on Descartes’ Meditations'', Berkeley: University of California Press, 177–98.</p>
     
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    <p>Clatterbaugh, K. (1980) ‘Descartes’ Causal Likeness Principle’, Philosophical Review, 89: 379–402.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1999) ''The Causation Debate in Modern Philosophy'' 1637–1739, London and New York: Routledge.</p>
     
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    <p>Colish, M. (1984) ‘Carolingian Debates over “Nihil” and “Tenebrae”: a Study in Theological Method’, ''Speculum'', 59: 757–95.</p>
     
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    <p>Costa, M. (1983) ‘What Cartesian Ideas Are Not’, ''Journal of the History of Philosophy'' 21: 237–8.</p>
     
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    <p>Cottingham, J. (1976) Descartes’ Conversation with Burman, Oxford: Clarendon Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1985) ‘Cartesian Trialism’, ''Mind'', 94: 218–30.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1986) ‘Descartes’ “Sixth Meditation”: the External World, “Nature” and Human Experience’, ''Philosophy'', 20, Supp: 73–8.</p>
     
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    <p>——(ed. 1992) ''The Cambridge Companion to Descartes'', Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1993) ''A Descartes Dictionary'', Oxford: Blackwell.</p>
     
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    <p>——(ed. 1994) ''Reason, Will and Sensation: Studies in Descartes’s Metaphysics'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, and New York: Oxford University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1998) ''Philosophy and the Good Life: Reason and the Passions in Greek'', in ''Cartesian and Psycholo-analytic Ethics'', Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Cronin, T. (1966) ''Objective Being in Descartes and in Suárez'', Rome: Gregorian University Press; reprinted, New York: Garland, 1987.</p>
     
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    <p>Curley, E.M. (1978) ''Descartes Against the Skeptics'', Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, and Oxford: Blackwell.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1984) ‘Descartes on the Creation of the Eternal Truths’, ''Philosophical Review'', 93: 4, 569–97.</p>
     
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    <p>Davies, R. (2001) ''Descartes: Belief, Scepticism and Virtue'', London and New York: Routledge.</p>
     
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    <p>De Rosa, Raffaella (2004) ‘Descartes on Sensory Misrepresentation: The Case of Materially False Ideas’, History of Philosophy Quarterly, 21: 3, 261–80.</p>
     
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    <p>Devillairs, L. (1998) Descartes, Leibniz: Les vérités éternelles, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</p>
     
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    <p>Dicker, G. (1993) Descartes: An Analytical and Historical Introduction, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Edelberg, W. (1990) ‘The Fifth Meditation’, Philosophical Review, 99: 4, 493–533.</p>
     
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    <p>Field, R.W. (1993) ‘Descartes on the Material Falsity of Ideas’, Philosophical Review, 102:<br />309–34.</p>
     
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    <p>Flage, D. and C. Bonnen (1999) Descartes and Method: A Search for a Method in Meditations, London and New York:</p>
     
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    <p>Frankfurt, H. (1970) Demons, Dreamers and Madmen: The Defense of Reason in Descartes’s Meditations, Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill; reprinted, New York: Garland, 1987.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1977) ‘Descartes on the Creation of the Eternal Truths’, Philosophical Review, 86: 36–57.</p>
     
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    <p>Garber, Daniel. (1992) Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</p>
     
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    <p>—— Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.</p>
     
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    <p>Gaukroger, Stephen. "The Nature of Abstract Reasoning: Philosophical Aspects of Descartes’ Work in Algebra." In <em>The Cambridge Companion to Descartes</em>, translated by Stephen Gaukroger. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1995), Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, Oxford: Clarendon Press, and New York: Oxford University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(2002) Descartes’ System of Natural Philosophy, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Gilson, É. (1951) Études sur le rôle de la pensée médiévale dans la formation du système cartésien, Paris: Vrin (second edition; originally published 1930).</p>
     
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    <p>Grene, M. (1991) Descartes Among the Scholastics, Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press. Guéroult, M. (1953) Descartes selon l’ordre des raisons, 2 vols, Paris: Aubier; reprinted, Paris: Montaigne, 1968.</p>
     
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    <p>Guéroult, M. (1984–85) Descartes’ Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reasons (trans.) R. Ariew, R. Ariew, and A. Donagan), 2 vols, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (translation of Guéroult 1953).</p>
     
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    <p>Hatfield, G. and W. Epstein (1979) ‘The Sensory Core: The Medieval Foundations of Early Modern Perceptual Theory’, Isis, 70: 363–84.</p>
     
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    <p>Hick, J. (1966) Evil and the God of Love, New York: Harper and Row, and London:<br />Macmillan.</p>
     
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    <p>Janowski, Z. (2000) Cartesian Theodicy: Descartes’ Quest for Certitude, Dordrecht: Kluwer.</p>
     
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    <p>the ——(2004) Augustinian Cartesian Index: Texts and Commentary, South Bend, IN: St Augustine’s Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Kenny, A.J.P. (1968) Descartes: A Study of his Philosophy, New York: Random House; reprinted, New York: Garland, 1987, and Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p>Kirwan, C. (1989) Augustine, London and New York: Routledge; reprinted, 1999.</p>
     
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    <p>MacKenzie, A.W. (1990) ‘Descartes on Sensory Representation: A Study of the Dioptrics’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supp. 16: 109–47.</p>
     
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    <p>Marion, J.-L. (1975) Sur l’ontologie grise de Descartes: science cartésienne et savoir aristotélicien dans les Regulae, Paris: Vrin; translated as Descartes’s Grey Ontology: Cartesian Science and Aristotelian Thought in the Regulae, South Bend, IN: St Augustine’s Press, 2004.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1981) Sur la théologie blanche de Descartes: analogie, création des vérités éternelles et fondement, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1996) ‘A propos Suárez et Descartes’, Revue internationale de philosophie, 195: 109–31.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1999a) Cartesian Questions: Method and Metaphysics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1999b) On Descartes’ Metaphysical Prism: The Constitution and the Limits of Onto-theo-logy in Cartesian Thought, trans J. L. Kosky, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Markie, P. (1986) Descartes’s Gambit, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1992) ‘The Cogito and its Importance’ in J. Cottingham (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Descartes, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 140–73.</p>
     
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    <p>Marshall, J. (1998) Descartes’s Moral Theory, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Matthews, Gareth B. (1992), Thought’s Ego in Augustine and Descartes, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Maull, N.L. (1978) ‘Cartesian Optics and the Geometrization of Nature’, Review of Metaphysics, 32: 253–73.</p>
     
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    <p>Menn, S. (1998) Descartes and Augustine, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Newman, L. (1994) ‘Unknown Faculties and Our Knowledge of the External World’, Philosophical Review, 103: 489–531.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1999) ‘The Fourth Meditation’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59: 559–91.</p>
     
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    <p>Normore, C. (1986) ‘Meaning and Objective Being: Descartes and His Sources’ in A.O. Rorty (ed.), Essays on Descartes’ Meditations, Berkeley: University of California Press, 223–41.</p>
     
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    <p>O’Neill, E. (1987), ‘Mind–Body Interaction and Metaphysical Consistency: A Defense of Descartes’, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 25: 227–45.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1998) Descartes: His Life and Thought, trans. J.M. Todd, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Rozemond, M. (1998) Descartes’s Dualism, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Schmitter, Amy M. "Formal Causation and the Explanation of Intentionality in Descartes." Monist, 79 (1996): 368–87.</p>
     
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    <p>——(2002) ‘Descartes and the Primacy of Practice: The Role of the Passions in the Search for Truth’, Philosophical Studies, 106: 99–108.</p>
     
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    <p>Secada, J. (2000) Cartesian Metaphysics: The Late Scholastic Origins of Modern Philosophy, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Shapiro, L. (1999) ‘Princess Elizabeth and Descartes: The Union of Soul and Body and the Practice of Philosophy’, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 7(3): 503–20.</p>
     
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    <p>Sievert, D. (1975) ‘Descartes’ Self-Doubt’ Philosophical Review, 84: 51–69.</p>
     
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    <p>Simmons, A. (1999) ‘Are Cartesian Sensations Representational?’, Nous, 33: 347–69.</p>
     
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    <p>——(2001), ‘Sensible Ends: Latent Teleology in Descartes’ Account of Sensation’, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 39: 49–75.</p>
     
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    <p>Taylor, C. (1989) Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, and Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Tierno, J.T. (1997) Descartes on God and Human Error, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Vinci, T. (1998) Cartesian Truth, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Voss, Stephen, ed. <em>Essays on the Philosophy and Science of René Descartes</em>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</p>
     
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    <p>Watson, R.A. (1987) The Breakdown of Cartesian Metaphysics, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.</p>
     
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    <p>Wee, Cecilia. "Descartes' Two Proofs of the External World." Australasian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 80, no. 4 (2005): 487–501.</p>
     
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    <p>——(2005) ‘Material Falsity and the Arguments for God’s Existence in Descartes’s Meditations’, in J. Jenkins, J. Whiting, and C. Williams (eds), Persons and Passions: Essays in Honor of Annette Baier, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(forthcoming) ‘Descartes and Leibniz on Human Free-Will and the Ability to Do Otherwise’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy.</p>
     
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    <p>Wells, N. (1984) ‘Material Falsity in Descartes, Arnauld and Suárez’, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 22: 25–50.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1990) ‘Objective Reality of Ideas in Descartes, Caterus and Suárez’, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 28: 33–61.</p>
     
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    <p>Williams, B., Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry, Hassocks, Sussex: Harvester Press, and Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1978; revised edition, London and New York: Routledge, 2005.</p>
     
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    <p>Williston, B. (1997) ‘Descartes on Love and/as Error’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 58: 429–44.</p>
     
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    <p>Williston, B. and A. Gombay eds. <em>Passion and Virtue in Descartes</em>, Amherst, NY: Humanity, and Oxford: Lavis, 2003.</p>
     
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    <p>Wilson, Catherine. (2003) Descartes’s Meditations: An Introduction, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1999a), ‘Descartes on the Perception of Primary Qualities’, reprinted in her (1999b), 26–40.</p>
     
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    <p>——(1999b) Ideas and Mechanism: Essays in Early Modern Philosophy, Princeton: Princeton University Press.</p>
     
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    <p>==='''Cecilia Wee Footnotes'''===</p>
     
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    <p>'''Notes 153'''</p>
     
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    <p>'''Ch. 1 An Introduction to Descartes’s Materially False Ideas'''</p>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, Kenny 1968, Menn 1998, and Williams 1978. [where they briefly mention material falsity]</li>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, Dicker 1993, Gaukroger 1995, and Rodis-Lewis 1998. [where they do not even mention material falsity]</li>
     
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    <p>: [One dictionary on Descartes (Cottingham 1993) does not include materially false ideas as an entry; and a recent book on human error in Descartes (Tierno 1997) does not mention them at all. (see p. 2)]</p>
     
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    <li>An asterisk indicates that I have departed slightly from CSM’s translation of the given passage.</li>
     
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    <li>The point is made in Ariew and Grene 1995: 4.</li>
     
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    <li>A recent exception is Vinci 1998.</li>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, Ariew 1999, Ariew and Grene 1995, Carriero 1990, Gaukroger 1995, Grene 1991, Marion 1975, 1981, and 1999b, Menn 1998, Secada 2000, Rodis-Lewis 1998, and Rozemond 1998.</li>
     
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    <li>Recent books that make this distinction include Broughton 2002, Hatfield 2003, and Wilson 2003.</li>
     
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    <p>'''Ch. 2 ‘Static’ Interpretations of Materially False Ideas – A Survey'''</p>
     
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    <li>Normore obviously means by ‘false ideas’ materially false ideas. TMD, on which Normore bases his interpretation of what a false idea is, is concerned with material falsity in an idea. Note also that Bolton also uses the term ‘false ideas’ to denominate materially false ideas specifically.</li>
     
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    <li>Bolton too accepts that there is a distinction between reality and existence for Descartes, and that ideas may represent potentially real (but actually non-existing) objects.</li>
     
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    <p>'''Ch. 3 A ‘Dynamic’ Interpretation of Materially False Ideas'''</p>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, Cronin 1966, Marion 1996, Marion 1999b, Secada 2000, Wells 1984, and Wells 1990.</li>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, AT 8A: 17–19, CSM 1: 204–5; AT 7: 147–8, CSM 2: 105; and AT 7: 204, CSM 2: 270.</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes refers to material truth in AT 4: 685 and AT 7: 151, CSM 2: 107, although neither reference seems particularly helpful in understanding material truth with respect to ideas. I thank an anonymous reviewer for Routledge for pointing out the second reference.</li>
     
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    <li>I assume here that the conditions listed are necessary, but not sufficient (since one can plausibly maintain that other conditions might be necessary for true representation). It is possible, however, that Descartes took these conditions to be necessary and sufficient.</li>
     
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    <li>The one idea whose cause Descartes does know, and that ACP can get a grip on within Descartes’s epistemic constraints at this stage in the Meditations, is the idea of himself qua thinker. (After all, Descartes knows that he exists, and presumably knows he is the cause of his idea of himself.) Thus, whenever I discuss ACP as inapplicable to Descartes’s ideas, I mean to exclude his idea of himself.</li>
     
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    <li>It is not claimed here that ACP would be applicable to all ideas, even if an external world exists. For instance, ACP would not apply to invented ideas. (For instance, the invented idea of a mermaid is caused by the thinker’s inventive faculty, but one would not say the idea is false because it fails to represent its cause accurately). Thus, ACP would apply only to a certain class of ideas – those which purport to represent their causes. The point being made here is simply this: given that Descartes does not know if there is an external world, ACP cannot even be applied to this class of ideas.</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes states in the Causal Principle that he is seeking for the efficient cause of his ideas. However, commentators have engaged in some debate as to whether Descartes accepted causal dualism, and in particular, the position that his ‘sensory’ ideas may be efficiently caused by corporeal matter. Some have argued that he is an ‘occasionalist’ with respect to the mind–body relationship (see Clatterbaugh 1999: 17–45 for an excellent discussion). If Descartes thinks that physical occurrences occasion, rather than produce, his ‘sensory’ ideas, then he may be somewhat imprecise when he claims in the Causal Principle to be seeking for the efficient cause of his ideas. Thus, although the Causal Principle is concerned with the ‘efficient’ causes of Cartesian ideas, I do not rule out that such ‘efficient’ causation might involve occasional ‘causes’ rather than efficient causes as we would usually construe them (that is, as causes that directly ‘produce’ a particular effect). In other words, my claims in this book are neutral between the causal dualist and occasionalist positions on Cartesian mind–body relations. Again, when it is claimed that Descartes accepts ACP (the Accurate Causal Portrayal account of representation) in certain epistemic contexts, this does not rule out that the ‘efficient cause’ of an idea here could be what occasions the idea in the thinker.</li>
     
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    <li>See also AT 7: 45, CSM 2: 31; AT 7: 102–3, CSM 2: 74–5; and AT 7: 161, CSM 2:b114.</li>
     
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    <li>Fairly detailed treatments are found in, for instance, Cronin 1966, Secada 2000, and Wells 1990.</li>
     
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    <li>There are differences in commentators’ views about the kind of reality that the idea<sub>o</sub> has. For instance, Wells holds that the idea<sub>o</sub> is a true and immutable nature, whereas Kenny’s discussion indicates that he thinks that the idea<sub>o</sub> can be an existing thing such as the sun. Kenny also suggests that there is an inconsistency in Descartes’s treatment of idea<sub>o</sub>.</li>
     
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    <li>Commentators sometimes use the locution that idea<sub>m</sub> ‘have’ objective reality. But the actual term that Descartes uses is that idea<sub>m</sub> ‘contain’ objective reality (see Chappell 1986: 190).</li>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, Alanen 1994, Alanen 2003, Chappell 1986, and Guéroult 1984–5.</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes holds that an idea<sub>m</sub> may contain different levels or degrees of objective reality according to the thing represented in the idea. This suggests that the objective reality in an idea is not to be identified directly with the thing represented in the idea, since this would entail that these things have different degrees or levels. Rather, the idea<sub>m</sub> contains (a certain level of) objective reality in virtue of the thing represented.</li>
     
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    <li>One might, at this point, query the plausibility of Descartes’s claim that ideas that represent no things have no existing cause at all. Surely, such ideas must have some sort of cause—that is, if Descartes has these ideas, they must have come about in him by some means or other. This issue is dealt with in the latter half of Chapter 4, where it is shown that there is an important sense in which Descartes thinks that the idea that represents no-thing genuinely has no existing cause.</li>
     
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    <li>Here, the term ‘cause’ pertains to the cause that gives rise to the objective reality contained in the idea. Descartes distinguishes between the formal and objective reality in an idea. For Descartes, all ideas possess formal reality insofar as they are modes of a thinker’s mind. This formal reality must (according to the Causal Principle) have an existing cause, and Descartes maintains that the thinker himself is the cause of the formal reality of his ideas (AT 7: 40–1, CSM 2: 28)</li>
     
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    <li>Note that when I claim that Descartes is certain at the point of TMD that a particular idea has objective reality, I am not claiming that Descartes knows (has stable and lasting knowledge) that the idea has objective reality. At that point in the Third Meditation, Descartes is only certain that an idea has objective reality while his attention is focused on the idea (see AT 7: 36, CSM 2: 25). In this book, I follow Williams in maintaining that Descartes holds that he only has stable and lasting knowledge after God has been established as a non-deceiver. (Williams 1978: 202)</li>
     
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    <li>At this point, it might be objected that, when Descartes describes ideas as as-if images of things (''tanquam rerum imagines''), he is not claiming that ideas are as-if of things, but may turn out not to be of things at all. Rather, he is claiming that ideas are as-if images (of things), but need not be actual images. As Kenny points out, the Cartesian ''ideam'' can represent immaterial things, and can do so without involving images of material things (Kenny 1968: 108). It could then be argued that, when Descartes states that ideas are as-if images, he is pointing out that ideas are like images insofar as they perform a representative function. However, representations in ideas need not involve images.</li>
     
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    <p>: On this alternative reading, ideas<sub>m</sub> are always of things (that is, they always have objects). However, they are not, or not always, images of those things. Such a reading would be consonant with the position that all ideas<sub>m</sub> contain objective reality, since every ideas<sub>m</sub> must be directed its own object. However, this reading cannot be correct. First, while Descartes does sometimes specify ideas to be ‘as-if images of things’ (AT 7: 37, CSM 2: 25), he also states more briefly that ideas are ‘as-if of things’ (AT 7: 44, CSM 2: 30). This supports my reading that ideas<sub>m</sub> purport to be of things, but may not actually be of things. It would not support the alternative reading, on which ideas<sub>m</sub> must always be of things (in other words, have objects), and cannot merely be as-if of things. Second, to the extent that this alternative reading is tied to the claim that all ideas<sub>m</sub> contain objective reality, it would also be subject to the arguments against this latter claim which were put forward earlier in the chapter.</p>
     
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    <li>This applies in those contexts where AA, not ACP, obtains as an account of representation between an ideas<sub>m</sub> and its object. In a context where ACP obtains, the ideas<sub>m</sub> would represent its cause.</li>
     
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    <li>In contrast, Descartes never makes any explicit commitment as to the precise cause of his intellectual/imaginative ideas of extension mentioned in the Fifth Meditation. It has been suggested that the cause might be God, who eminently contains the immutable natures of the countless geometrical figures mentioned in the Fifth Meditation.</li>
     
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    <li>For instance, he writes in the Third Meditation: ‘the chief and most common mistake which is to be found here consists in my judging that the ideas which are in me resemble, or conform to, things located outside me’ (AT 7: 37, CSM 2: 26, emphasis mine).</li>
     
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    <li>Field too notes that some of the passages I have mentioned do not support Wells’s reading that all confused and obscure ideas are false (Field 1993: 316n).</li>
     
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    <li>See note 16. Prior to the proof of God’s deception, it is ‘evident’ to Descartes that a clear and distinct idea represents its object accurately, while the thinker is attending to the idea. Once God is established to be a non-deceiver, he has stable and lasting knowledge that a clear and distinct idea represents accurately its object.</li>
     
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    <li>Commentators who hold this view include Flage and Bonnen 1999, Kenny 1968, Menn 1998, and Secada 2000.</li>
     
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    <li>On this view, Descartes’s main departure from his late-Scholastic predecessors was to claim this judgement as an act of will, while they had held it to be an act of the intellect.</li>
     
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    <li>One question that may arise is this: what about the (putatively) false idea of cold in TMD, which is characterized as one that ‘represents no things as (real) things’? Where would such an idea be located? Such an idea of cold would also occur in the third grade of sensory response. That is, within the constrained epistemic context of the Third Meditation, the thinker would make the obscure judgement, based on the sensation of cold, that cold is a possible existent or real thing. In doing so, she would have an idea of cold that represents cold as a thing (when it might be no-thing).</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes of course differs from Suárez in holding that affirmation and denial is an act of will, rather than intellect.</li>
     
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    <p>'''Notes 156'''</p>
     
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    <li>See note 25 above. Some judgements in the third grade of sensory response need not pertain to existing objects.</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes holds that the (clear and distinct) idea of God is innate (see, for instance, AT 7: 68, CSM 2: 47). Nevertheless, this idea may be said to be ‘immitted’ into the thinker by God, insofar as the idea is ‘put’ into the thinker by God, as a stamp is put by the craftsman upon his work (AT 7: 51, CSM 2: 35).</li>
     
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    <li>I would like to thank Jonathan Dore and John Elliott for helpful discussions on this issue.</li>
     
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    <p>'''Ch. 4 The Metaphysical Status of Material Falsity (and of Error)'''</p>
     
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    <li>Descartes’s epistemic limitations at that point may enforce his acceptance of AA as an account of representation in TMD, but note that AA is applied in that discussion to ideas of corporeal things that are ‘sensory’.</li>
     
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    <li>In a later paper, Wilson argues that the ideas of size and shape in TMD are not sensory, being the abstract or general ideas discussed in the Fifth Meditation (Wilson 1999a). The advantage of this view is that there is then no difficulty in claiming that such ideas as clear and distinct. However, as I have argued, there is textual evidence that the ideas of size and shape in TMD are sensory (or ostensibly sensory) ideas. I also argue that there are no major difficulties in maintaining that these sensory ideas are clear and distinct.</li>
     
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    <li>See, for instance, Kenny 1968, Sievert 1975, Markie 1986 and 1992, and Vinci 1998.</li>
     
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    <li>Other similar passages include AT 7: 161, CSM 2: 114 and AT 7: 175–6, CSM 2: 124.</li>
     
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    <li>See note 16 of Chapter 3. Given God’s non-deception, we have stable and lasting knowledge that our idea of extended matter derives from extended matter itself.</li>
     
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    <li>There might be a worry, on such views as Gaukroger’s, as to how non-specific size and shape could conform to geometrical laws, given that these views see geometry as expressing relations between determinate or specific sizes and shapes (See Gaukroger 1992). But it is possible to have sensory ideas of (non-specific) size and shape while recognizing that if they embodies a determinate size X, then X would have to obey geometrical laws when entering into relations with other sizes and shapes. Such sensory ideas of non-specific size and shape would qualify as clear and distinct.</li>
     
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    <li>On this view, Descartes would be committed to holding that modes of substance can possess other modes.</li>
     
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    <li>There does not seem to me to be any difficulty with this position. See, for example, AT 6: 130–4, CSM 1: 167–9; AT 8A: 35, CSM 1: 219.</li>
     
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    <li>CSM’s translation is a bit less emphatic: ‘Now there is in me a passive faculty of sensory perception . . . ’ But the emphasis in the original Latin might help bring out that Passage A develops from Passage 1.</li>
     
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    <li>The argument of PEWM may militate against O’Neill’s reading of eminent contain- ment. Descartes states in PEWM that if God or a non-material substance causes our ideas of size and shape, the properties of size and shape would be eminently contained in them. On O’Neill’s reading, these properties could then be exemplified in God or non-material substance. Now PEWM’s key argument is that, given God’s veracity, the distinct sensory ideas of size and shape license the inference that material substance exists with the properties of size and shape. If we accept O’Neill’s account, this infer- ence might be unacceptable. These sensory ideas of size and shape would arguably license that some substance exists with the properties of size and shape, but O’Neill’s account leaves open that this substance could be God/a non-material substance. PEWM thus would not go through. Clatterbaugh’s account, which sees eminent containment of sizes and shapes as the possession of higher properties than sizes and shapes, escapes this difficulty. Insofar as God’s veracity guarantees that one’s distinct sensory ideas of size and shape license the inference that a substance exists with those properties it licenses an inference that matter exists, as only matter would exemplify the properties of size and shape.</li>
     
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    <li>For some discussions of Augustine’s influence on Descartes, see, for instance, Gilson 1951, Janowski 2000, Janowski 2004, Marion 1981 and 1999a, Matthews 1992, Menn 1998.</li>
     
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    <p>'''Notes 157'''</p>
     
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    <li>Note that such a thought cannot be included under ideasm strictly taken, which are always at least purportedly of things.</li>
     
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    <li>That is, the idea has no cause from which its objective being may derive.</li>
     
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    <li>This passage is also explored by Flage and Bonnen 1999: 85–91. The material here was developed independently of Flage and Bonnen’s work, which came to my attention later.</li>
     
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    <li>I would like to thank Joseph Camp for the suggestion that a look at Aristotle’s four causes might prove helpful for determining what sort of explanatory rubric a ‘deficiency’ explanation might fall under.</li>
     
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    <li>According to medieval philosophers such as Aquinas, a ‘privation’ is an absence of perfection that a substance ought to have given its nature, and a negation is merely an absence of perfection (without the additional connotation). The ideas of heat and cold and of, say, rest and movement are similar in that they are of opposing pairs, yet Descartes in the Third Meditation describes cold as the ‘privation’ of heat, but rest as the ‘negation’ of movement (AT 7: 44–6, CSM 2: 30–1). This suggests that Descartes does not yet make a clear distinction between negation and privation. (I will argue that he makes this distinc- tion in the Fourth Meditation, though it is somewhat different from Aquinas’s.)</li>
     
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    <p>: Note also that, at that point, Descartes does not even know what substance heat and cold are features of (are they features of his embodied self or of the physical world external to him?). Thus, when he says that cold is a privation of heat, he could not mean that heat is a perfection that a substance ought to have, since he does not even know what substance it is that could have heat as its perfection. Insofar as he does not know what sort of substance has heat as its perfection, he has no clear idea of the nature of that substance. How then could he maintain that heat is a perfection that belongs to that substance by virtue of its nature?</p>
     
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    <p>: Thus, when Descartes says that cold may be a privation of heat, he means merely that cold is an absence of the perfection or mode of heat – whatever substance the latter perfection may turn out to inhere in.</p>
     
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    <li>At this point, ‘perception’ and ‘conception’ would amount to the same thing for Descartes – namely, it is that which is presented before the mind (minus the additional forms of judgement or emotion).</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes does not really mean to claim here that rest is the absence of the perfection ‘movement’ or even that darkness is the absence of the perfection ‘light’. He could not do this, given what he holds in his physics. As he clearly states in his physics, both rest and movement are modes (perfections) of the physical world. (Indeed, one might go further and say that he thought that the terms ‘rest’ and ‘motion’ could arbitrarily be used to describe the same mode or perfection. Consider, for instance, a car travelling from Pittsburgh to New York. Descartes would maintain that one can describe the car as in motion, if one sees the earth as at rest. Alternatively, one can also describe the car as being at rest and the earth as in motion. Thus, whether we see the car as in motion or at rest is an arbitrary matter.) Thus, Descartes is merely using the example of rest and movement, as in the case of heat and cold, as an illustration of the point that some perceptions are of absences of perfections, rather than perfections.</li>
     
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    <li>The comparison between finitude and infinitude differs from the comparison between rest and movement, or darkness and light in this sense. The latter involve a comparison between a mode of substance (the least form of reality) and an absence of that mode. The former involves a comparison between two forms of being – a finite substance and an infinite substance. But the point made is essentially the same: just as the perception of the lack of a mode presupposes some idea of the mode itself, so the perception of finite substance as lacking many perfections presupposes some idea of the perfections that are lacking in finite substance, and to be found in infinite substance (which are these perfections rolled into one).</li>
     
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    <li>See note 16 of Chapter 3. Descartes is certain that the clear and distinct idea of God contains objective reality while he is inspecting it, prior to the proofs of God’s existence and non-deception. After these proofs, he would have lasting and stable knowledge that this is the case (in contexts where AA operates as an account of representation).</li>
     
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    <p>'''Ch. 5 Falsehood, Error and Ethics'''</p>
     
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    <li>Descartes seems to make a distinction between nihil (which is indeclinable) and nihilum (which is second declension neuter) in the Meditations. By and large, he reserves the term nihilum for those cases where ‘nothing’ carries a connotation of deficiency, and nihil for those cases where it does not.</li>
     
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    <li>The account I give here of the views in De genesi contra Manicheos comes substantially from Colish’s paper (Colish 1984). My discussions concerning Augustine in this chapter have been greatly helped by Colish’s discussion.</li>
     
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    <li>That this is the case might resolve an apparent puzzle. Descartes accepts that, ontologi- cally speaking, actual modes in a finite substance are less perfect than finite substances themselves, which are in turn less perfect than infinite substance. But one can then ask: what about the perfections or modes of an infinite substance (such as omniscience and omnipotence)? Are they more perfect than the modes of finite substances? Where do they rank on the ontological ladder of perfection?</li>
     
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    <p>: If the above account is correct, then the answer to these questions is simple. There are no modes or separable perfections in God. This is because there is in effect only one single invariable absolute perfection (infinite power, understanding rolled into one). This single perfection is God and therefore sits right on top of the metaphysical scale as infinite substance.</p>
     
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    <li>I thank Gerald Massey for pointing out to me this conception of privation.</li>
     
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    <li>The labelling of the three arguments considered here follow closely those by Tierno (1997: 57, 62, 71).</li>
     
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    <li>In the Fourth Meditation, Descartes claims that our imperfections contribute to the greater perfection of the universe, not that our imperfections contribute to the best possible universe (or the universe with the greatest perfection). That he puts his claim thus is presumably due to the fact that, owing to the absolute freedom of the Cartesian God, there is no one best possible universe. There could be a variety of best possible universes that God could have realized if God had willed into being different laws of logic and standards of goodness.</li>
     
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    <p>: That Descartes assumes in the Fourth Meditation that this universe is the best possible given the laws and standards that God did will into being is indicated by his remark: ‘I do not know that I laid it down that God always does what he knows to be the most perfect, and it does not seem to me that a finite mind can judge of that [that is, the finite mind can ever have an adequate grasp that this is the case, since it cannot comprehend God’s inscrutable purposes.] But I tried to solve the difficulty in question, about the cause of error, on the assumption that God made the world most perfect, since if one makes the opposite assumption, the difficulty disappears altogether’ (AT 4: 113, CSMK: 232). Evidently, then, the Fourth Meditation, and what comes after, assumes that God did make the best possible universe (given the available laws and standards of goodness) – and tries to resolve how error is possible given that this is the case (see Newman 1999: 571n for an interesting discussion of the issue).</p>
     
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    <li>For example, Tierno apparently construes the principle in this way. See Tierno 1997: 64ff.</li>
     
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    <li>Hick notes that Descartes and Augustine are two of a number of distinguished proponents who accept the aesthetic model of the universe (Hick 1966: 44). However, he does not examine the similarity between Descartes’s and Augustine’s position in particular.</li>
     
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    <li>Augustine himself offers some answer to this question, at least with respect to the ques- tion of why we should strive for freedom from sin. He argues that while creatures who have the freedom to sin would contribute to the overall perfection of the universe, sin itself does not contribute to the overall perfection. But Descartes apparently does not take this line in the Fourth Meditation, for he never specifically argues there that, while error-proneness contributes to overall perfection, error itself does not.</li>
     
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    <li>Commentators have discussed at length whether all truths of reason are to be included among those that God could have made not true. The principal question here is of course whether truths of reason that pertain to God’s essence could have been made not true (see,</li>
     
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    <p>for instance, Bennett 1994, Curley 1984). But it is evident that, at the least, the truths of reason that do not pertain to God’s essence need not have been made as true.</p>
     
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    <li>Any recognition of God’s existence as the ‘first’ eternal truth (on which all other such truths depend) must similarly be accomplished within the finite perspective.</li>
     
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    <li>If Marion is right in holding that the various ‘names’ of God are inconsistent with each other (see Marion 1999b: 270ff), then this would be another tension irresolvable from our finite perspective.</li>
     
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    <li>In maintaining this, I depart from the position I endorsed in an earlier paper (Wee 2002a). Descartes may not perhaps have held E1 consistently, but there is good evidence he did hold it.</li>
     
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    <li>That Descartes assigns a crucial role to the passion of ''générosité'' in his ethics may also reinforce that the Cartesian ethical life is not primarily other-regarding. ''Générosité'' was the central motive of the warrior ethic, and referred to the ‘strong sense of one’s own worth and honour which pushed men . . . to do great things’ (Taylor, 1989: 153). For Descartes, too, ''générosité'' involves having the sense of self-esteem and dignity that fuels a commitment to the ethical life. ''Générosité'' has two components: recognizing that one has complete freedom of will and feeling a ‘firm and constant resolution to use [this freedom] well’. Such ''générosité'' enables ‘a person’s self-esteem to be as great as it may legitimately be’ (AT 11: 445–6, CSM 1: 384). Descartes’s portrayal of ''générosité'' suggests that this passion—so crucial to the ethical life—is not other-directed.</li>
     
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    <li>Indeed, the list of Aristotelian virtues (such as liberality and munificence) presupposes such flourishing external circumstances.</li>
     
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    <li>CSMK indicate that the source of this passage is Virgil’s Aeneid, IX, 427.</li>
     
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    <li>Marshall maintains that Descartes in this passage ‘expresses the view that our state, our society and our family are objects that merit our love and that they are parts of the union formed by love that warrant our sacrifice’ (Marshall 1998: 139). But Descartes does not state in the passage that we should love our state, society and family, only that ‘it is a truth important to know’ that we are parts of these larger wholes and that the interests of these wholes should take precedence over ours. There is no injunction in the passage to love these larger wholes.</li>
     
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    <li>Descartes’s claim that the interests of these orders should take precedence over one’s own is a qualified one, as the next section will show.</li>
     
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    <li>In a recent paper (Wee 2001), I argue that, while Descartes advocates the mastery of the physical world through an understanding of its laws and structures (and may also accept that one can judiciously use the ‘fruits of the earth’), this does not imply that he sanctions the exploitation and plunder of the physical world for human benefit.</li>
     
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    <li>The account here would also explain why Descartes accords virtue the status of ‘supreme good’. This is because virtue is essentially the resolute pursuit of the other goods (one’s own health, friend’s interests and so on) in accord with reason.</li>
     
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    <li>This of course assumes that one accepts that reason is able to point out ends that we should pursue. If one has an instrumental view of reason, then reason can only subserve the independent ends of the agent.</li>
     
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    <li>When he tells Elizabeth that reason’s function in the conduct of life is to examine the value of the perfections that we can acquire, Descartes contrasts the passions unfavourably with reason:</li>
     
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    <p>For Descartes, reason represents the value of the perfections to be pursued correctly, and unbridled passions represent their value incorrectly. This again indicates that there is an authority independent of reason (namely, God) that determines the value of the goods.</p>
     
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    <li>Carraud draws here from a discussion in Armogathe 1979. Note that while this book considers in some detail Descartes’s views in relation to his predecessors, it is less concerned with how Descartes looks forward to and anticipates the views of successors such Baruch Spinoza and Nicolas Malebranche. The latter is surely also a worthwhile enterprise, and one worth looking into.</li>
     
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