PJP7. Who are the best photographers of jazz and what makes them the best?

Discussion[edit]

List of Jazz Photographers[edit]

Most of the jazz photographers in this list are included in Wikipedia: Category Jazz Photograpers.

Ray Avery - “His photographs adorn more than one hundred album covers, and has appeared on over 75 CD's. Recognized for his contributions in 1997, Mr. Avery received the distinguished Milt Hinton Award, as photographer of the year.”^[1]
Bob Barry
Skip Bolen
Ole Brask
William Claxton - received Milt Hinton Award for Excellence in Jazz Photography.
Terry Cryer
Roy DeCarava
Harry Diamond
Esmond Edwards
Lee Friedlander
William P. Gottlieb - received 5th Milt Hinton Award for Excellence in Jazz Photography.
Milt Hinton - amateur jazz photographer took 60,000 photos often on the job.^[2]
Paul Hoeffler
Sy Johnson
Željko Jovanović
Art Kane - shot "A Great Day in Harlem" photograph of 57 prominent jazz musicians in 1958 for Esquire magazine.
Herman Leonard (1923–2010) - received Milt Hinton Award for Excellence in Jazz Photography , photographed legends such as Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, Duke Ellington, and many more on the jazz scene from 1940 through 1960.^[3] Leonard has authored several books and has an Honorary Master’s of Science in Photography from the Brooks Institute of Photography. He received the “Milt Hinton Award for Excellence in Jazz Photography” from the Jazz Photographer’s Association, the “Lifetime Achievement Award” from Downbeat Magazine in 2004, and “Excellence in Photography” award from the Jazz Journalists Association. More than 100 of his original prints reside in the Smithsonian’s permanent collection. His works are also featured in a number of public collections and the private collections of Sir Elton John, Bruce Bernard, His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand and President Bill Clinton.
Rashid Lombard
Jim Marshall
Gjon Mili
Hank O'Neal
Bob Parent
David Redfern
W. Eugene Smith
Herb Snitzer
Chuck Stewart
Tony Sweet
Bob Willoughby
Val Wilmer
Francis Wolff

What makes a great jazz photograph?[edit]

What makes any photograph great? If it captures something interesting, significant, or momentous it will be a good photograph. What these jazz photographers were able to do was get their subjects to feel comfortable enough that they end up appearing natural in the pictures and often revealing their personalities.

Keep in mind that virtually all of the famous jazz photographs were taken before digital cameras were invented. These photographers often had to use awkwardly large and heavy cameras with flash bulb photography.

PoJ.fm talks philosophy with AI Chats[edit]

ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version) over fifty responses to the same questions on what makes for great jazz photography[edit]

ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version) generated over fifty responses to the comments made above and always begins by saying Additionally, and only (C34) ("Some other elements") and (C36) ("That being said,") don't start with "Additionally." Impressively, while there is some repetition, the ChatGPT responses almost always adds something new, or introduces further discussion on aspects not previously developed in its earlier comments. Poj.fm has numbered the ChatGPT responses for ease of reference (C1) through (C55).

(C1) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to convey the energy and movement of the music and musicians. It should also be able to capture the mood and atmosphere of the performance or the venue. Some photographers are able to capture the improvisational nature of jazz in their photographs, while others are able to capture the technical skill and precision of the musicians.
Another important aspect of a great jazz photograph is the composition and lighting. A good jazz photograph should be well composed, with the musicians and instruments arranged in a visually pleasing and dynamic way. The lighting should also be used to enhance the mood and atmosphere of the photograph.
Finally, a great jazz photograph should be able to tell a story or convey a feeling. It should be able to transport the viewer to the moment the photograph was taken and make them feel like they are part of the performance.”
(C2) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy, emotion, and movement of the music and musicians. The photograph should convey the sense of improvisation, spontaneity, and creativity that is inherent in jazz. It should also be able to convey the connection between the musicians and the audience, as well as the atmosphere of the venue.
Good jazz photography should also be able to convey the sense of history and tradition that is a part of jazz, and the photograph should be able to capture the sense of community and camaraderie that is often present in jazz performances.
Technically, a great jazz photograph should be well composed, with good use of light and shadow, and should be in focus and well exposed. The photographer should be able to use the camera's aperture and shutter speed to create a sense of motion and energy in the photograph.
Ultimately, a great jazz photograph should be able to convey the essence of jazz, and should be able to transport the viewer to the moment the photograph was taken, allowing them to experience the music and the musicians as if they were there.”
(C3) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the performance, whether it's the musicians on stage or the audience in the club. Good composition, lighting, and timing are also important in creating a great jazz photograph. The photographer should have an understanding of jazz music and the culture surrounding it, as well as the technical skills to effectively capture the moment. The photographs should also be able to convey the emotion, spontaneity and improvisation that are hallmarks of jazz music. A great jazz photograph should also be able to tell a story, whether that be the story of a specific performance or the story of the jazz scene and culture as a whole.”
(C4) “Additionally, jazz photographs are often taken at live performances, which can be challenging due to the low lighting conditions and fast-paced action on stage. A great jazz photograph should capture the energy, emotion and movement of the musicians, as well as the atmosphere of the venue and the audience. It should also be well composed, with interesting angles and use of light and shadow. The best jazz photographers are able to capture the essence of jazz and the personalities of the musicians in a way that is both technically proficient and visually striking. Some other elements that can make a great jazz photograph include the use of black and white film, which can add a sense of nostalgia and timelessness to the image, and the ability to capture candid moments, such as a musician lost in concentration during a solo or the interaction between band members.
(C5) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should capture the energy and improvisation of the music and musicians. It should convey the feeling and emotion of the performance, and convey the musicians' personalities and styles. A great jazz photograph should also be well composed and lit, with good use of line, shape, and texture to create a visually pleasing image. Technical skill is also important, as the photographer should be able to use their equipment to create the desired effect.
(C6) “Additionally, great jazz photographs often capture the energy, movement, and emotion of the musicians and the music itself. They should convey a sense of the improvisational nature of jazz and the spontaneity of the performances. They should also be able to convey the atmosphere and setting of the performance, whether it's a smokey club or a concert hall. Composition, lighting, and timing are also important elements of a great jazz photograph.
It's also worth noting that many jazz photographers were jazz enthusiasts themselves, and their knowledge and understanding of the music helped them to capture the essence of the genre in their photographs.
Some well-known jazz photographers include Herman Leonard, William Claxton, Gjon Mili, and Don Hunstein. There are also many lesser-known photographers who have captured important moments in jazz history.
(C7) “Additionally, great jazz photographs often convey a sense of movement, energy, and spontaneity, which are all key elements of jazz music. They also have a strong sense of composition, framing, and lighting. They are able to capture the essence of the performance and the musicians, whether it be through a candid shot or a more posed and studio-like setting. They also have a good sense of timing, capturing the peak moments of a performance. Lastly, great jazz photographs often have a sense of nostalgia and history, preserving a moment in time of a particular artist or era in jazz history.
(C8) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy and movement of the music and musicians, as jazz is known for its improvisation and spontaneity. The use of lighting, composition, and timing can all contribute to creating a powerful and evocative image that captures the essence of jazz. A great jazz photograph should also be able to convey the historical and cultural context in which the music was created, and the unique personalities and styles of the musicians themselves. In addition, a good jazz photograph should also be able to communicate and express the emotion and feeling of the music. ”
(C9) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy and movement of a jazz performance. It should also be able to convey the atmosphere and mood of the performance. A good jazz photograph should also be able to capture the musicians in the moment, whether it be during an intense improvisation or a more relaxed and intimate moment. Composition, lighting and timing are also important factors in creating a great jazz photograph. It is also important to note that a great jazz photograph should have an emotional impact, and should not just be a mere record of the event, but rather evoke a feeling in the viewer. ”
(C10) “Additionally, great jazz photographs often convey a sense of energy, movement, and improvisation, which are key elements in jazz music. They also often capture the musicians in performance, showing their skill and passion for the music. A good jazz photograph also captures the atmosphere of a live performance, the energy of the crowd, and the interaction between the musicians and the audience. The composition of the photograph, the use of light and shadow, and the ability to capture the essence of the moment, also contribute to making a great jazz photograph.”
(C11) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to convey the energy and movement of the music being played. Jazz is a very dynamic and improvisational genre of music, and a great jazz photograph should be able to capture that sense of spontaneity and energy. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the emotion and passion of the musicians and the audience. In order to do that, the photographer needs to have a deep understanding of the music and the culture surrounding it. And also, the technical skill to capture the right moment at the right time.
Some other factors that can make a great jazz photograph include good composition, lighting, and timing. A good jazz photograph should be well composed, with the subjects arranged in an interesting and visually pleasing way. The lighting should be used to create a mood and atmosphere that complements the music. And the timing should be such that the photograph captures the musicians in the midst of a particularly interesting or powerful moment.
In summary, a great jazz photograph should be able to capture the energy, movement, and emotion of the music and musicians, as well as have strong technical skill in composition, lighting and timing. And it should also be able to convey the personalities of the musicians and the atmosphere of the performance.”
(C12) “Additionally, many jazz photographs were taken in low-light conditions, such as in clubs or during performances, which required the photographer to have a good understanding of lighting and how to use it to their advantage. A great jazz photograph also captures the energy and passion of the musicians, the improvisation and spontaneity of the performance, and the connection between the musicians and the audience. The composition and framing of the photograph also play an important role in making it visually interesting and dynamic.
Some other elements that can make a great jazz photograph include capturing the musicians in action, getting close-up shots of the instruments and hands of the musicians, and capturing the musicians in candid and unscripted moments. Additionally, great jazz photographs often convey a sense of movement and energy, and are able to convey the emotion and feeling of the music.
Some well-known jazz photographers include William P. Gottlieb, Herman Leonard, David Redfern, and Lee Tanner. Each of these photographers had their own unique style and approach to capturing the essence of jazz music and its performers.”
(C13) “Additionally, many jazz photographs were taken in low-light settings, such as dimly lit jazz clubs or at night-time performances. This added to the challenge of getting a good photograph. Good jazz photographers were able to capture the energy and movement of the music and the musicians, often through the use of creative composition and framing. They also had a good understanding of the technical aspects of photography, such as lighting and exposure, to be able to produce high-quality images.
A great jazz photograph also has the ability to tell a story, to convey a sense of the time and place where the music was performed, and to capture the personalities and emotions of the musicians. This can be achieved through the use of candid shots, action shots, and portraits.
In addition, jazz photography is also about capturing the ambiance and atmosphere of the music, the energy and the audience. They can be capturing the energy and movement of the music, like the body language of the musicians, the crowd, the lights, the atmosphere, etc.
Overall, a great jazz photograph is one that captures the essence of jazz music and the jazz experience, and that connects with the viewer on an emotional level.”
(C14) “Additionally, great jazz photography often captures the energy and movement of the music and the musicians. It can also convey the atmosphere and setting of the performance, such as the stage, the crowd, and the venue. The composition and use of light and shadow can also contribute to the overall aesthetic and mood of the photograph. Furthermore, the photographer's ability to anticipate and capture candid and spontaneous moments can also make for a great jazz photograph.”
(C15) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to convey the energy, movement and spontaneity of jazz music. It should be able to capture the musicians in the moment, whether it be a performance or a candid moment. A good jazz photograph should be able to tell a story and convey the emotion of the music. Composition, lighting, and timing are also important factors in creating a great jazz photograph. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the atmosphere of the venue and the crowd, as well as the interaction between the musicians.”
(C16) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy and movement of the performance, as jazz is known for its improvisation and spontaneity. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the atmosphere and ambiance of the performance, whether it's in a small club or a large concert hall. The composition and lighting can also play a big role in making a jazz photograph great. In terms of composition, a great jazz photograph should be able to convey the musicianship of the performers, the interaction between the musicians, and the energy of the performance. In terms of lighting, a great jazz photograph should be able to capture the mood and atmosphere of the performance, and also be able to show the musicians' expressions and movements.
Another important aspect of jazz photography is the ability to capture the musicians' personalities and emotions. Jazz music is often very personal and emotional and the photographer should be able to capture that in the photographs.
In short, a great jazz photograph should be able to capture the energy, movement, atmosphere, and musicianship of the performance, as well as the personalities and emotions of the musicians, all while being visually interesting and composed well. ”
(C17) “Additionally, great jazz photographs often have a sense of movement and energy, which is reflective of the improvisational and dynamic nature of jazz music. They may capture the musicians in a performance setting, showcasing their skill and passion, or they may capture candid moments between sets or during rehearsals, providing a glimpse into the behind-the-scenes life of a jazz musician. Composition, lighting, and timing are also important factors in a great jazz photograph. Many of the most iconic jazz photographs have been shot in black and white, which can add a sense of timelessness and drama to the image. Ultimately, a great jazz photograph should tell a story, whether it be about the musicians, the time period, or the culture surrounding the music.”
(C18) “Additionally, jazz photographs often capture the energy and spontaneity of the performance and the musicians themselves. They can also convey the sense of movement and improvisation that is central to jazz music. A great jazz photograph should also have a strong composition and use of light and shadow to add depth and dimension to the image. The photographer should also have a good understanding of the jazz scene and the musicians they are photographing, to be able to capture the essence of the genre. ”
(C19) “Additionally, the photographers had to be skilled in capturing the right moment and composition, as well as have an understanding of jazz music and culture. They also had to be able to work quickly and efficiently, as many jazz performances and events happen in fast-paced and dynamic environments. A great jazz photograph also often captures the energy and improvisation of the music and musicians, as well as the atmosphere and audience of the performance. Additionally, the photographs should be well-composed, well-lit, and have strong visual interest. The best jazz photographers were able to capture the essence of jazz music and culture, and create images that are not only visually striking, but also tell a story or convey a mood or emotion. ”
(C20) “Additionally, they often had to work in low-light conditions and capture fast-paced action on the fly, which required a great deal of skill and experience. They also had to have a deep understanding of jazz music and culture, as well as an ability to connect with the musicians on a personal level, in order to capture the essence of jazz in their photographs.
Some of the key elements that make a great jazz photograph are:

A sense of motion and energy: Jazz is a highly improvisational and dynamic form of music, and a great jazz photograph should convey that sense of movement and energy.

A sense of connection and interaction: Jazz is a collaborative art form, and a great jazz photograph should capture the sense of connection and interaction between the musicians.

A sense of spontaneity and authenticity: Jazz is an unscripted and unplanned music, and a great jazz photograph should convey a sense of spontaneity and authenticity.

A sense of personality and character: Jazz musicians are known for their individuality and unique personalities, and a great jazz photograph should capture the personality and character of the musicians.

A sense of time and place: Jazz has a rich history and cultural context, and a great jazz photograph should convey a sense of the time and place in which it was taken.

Overall, a great jazz photograph is one that captures the essence of jazz music and culture in a way that is both visually striking and emotionally resonant.”
(C21) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy and movement of the music, whether it be through the expressions and body language of the musicians or the overall atmosphere of the performance. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the sense of improvisation and spontaneity that is a hallmark of jazz music. Composition, lighting and timing are also important factors in making a great jazz photograph. Good jazz photographs should also be able to convey the historical context in which the music was played and the cultural significance of jazz in society.”
(C22) “Additionally, they often had to work in low-light settings and capture fast-paced action on stage. A great jazz photograph captures the energy, emotion, and movement of the musicians and the performance. It should also convey a sense of the era and the cultural context in which the music was being played. The best jazz photographs are able to tell a story or convey a feeling through the image. They also often feature interesting compositions, with the photographer using elements like framing, lighting, and perspective to create a visually striking image. Good jazz photography also captures the musicianship, skill, artistry and the improvisational nature of the music. It should also showcase the musicians' personalities and their unique styles. In summary, a great jazz photograph is one that is visually compelling, tells a story, and captures the energy, emotion, and spirit of jazz music.”
(C23) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph captures the energy and spirit of the music and the musicians. It should also have good composition, lighting, and a sense of movement and dynamic. It should also be able to convey the mood of the performance and the connection between the musicians and the audience. A great jazz photograph should also be able to tell a story or convey a message. It should also be able to stand the test of time and still be interesting and relevant years later.”
(C24) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should be able to capture the energy and movement of a jazz performance, whether it be through the body language and expressions of the musicians or the details of the performance space. The composition and lighting should also add to the overall mood and atmosphere of the scene. A good jazz photograph should also have a timeless quality and be able to capture the essence of the era in which the music was being played. Overall, a great jazz photograph is one that not only captures the musicians and their performances but also the culture, history and atmosphere of jazz music.”
(C25) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph is able to capture the energy and spontaneity of the music, whether it's through the musicians' expressions, body language, or the movement of the instruments. The composition and lighting of the photograph can also play a significant role in creating a powerful image. The photographer's ability to capture the essence of jazz and the musicians' performances, as well as their technical skill in taking the photograph are what makes a great jazz photograph. Other factors such as the historical context, the story behind the photograph, and the photographer's personal vision can also contribute to the photograph's greatness.”
(C26) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph may capture the energy, movement, and improvisation of a jazz performance, as well as the chemistry and interaction between the musicians. The composition and lighting of the photograph can also play a role in making it great. It's also important to consider the historical context of a photograph, as jazz photography often documents significant moments in the history of jazz and provides a visual representation of the culture and society of the time. Overall, a great jazz photograph should not only be technically well-executed, but also convey the essence and spirit of jazz and the musicians being captured.”
(C27) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the music and the musicians. It can convey the feeling and emotion of the performance, whether it's the intensity of a solo, the camaraderie of a band, or the connection between the musician and the audience. The composition and lighting can also play a role in making a great jazz photograph. The photographer's ability to capture the essence of jazz and the musicians themselves is what makes a great jazz photograph.”
(C28) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy, movement, and improvisation that is present in a jazz performance. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the atmosphere and the setting of the performance, whether it be in a dimly lit club or on a brightly lit stage. The composition, lighting, and timing of the photograph are also important elements in creating a great jazz photograph. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the connection between the musicians and the audience. The photographer should be able to convey the emotions of the performers as well as the audience and the energy of the moment. Some examples of well-known jazz photographers are Herman Leonard, William Gottlieb, and Val Wilmer.”
(C29) “Additionally, they had to be skilled in capturing the energy and improvisation of a live performance, often working in low light conditions. They also had to be able to anticipate the moments and expressions that would make for a great photograph. A great jazz photograph should not only capture the musicians and the performance, but also the atmosphere and energy of the jazz scene, whether it's a small club or a large concert hall. It should also capture the personalities of the musicians and the unique styles that set jazz apart from other genres of music. The best jazz photographers have an understanding of the music and the culture, as well as a keen eye for composition and lighting. They are also able to capture the essence of jazz, its improvisation, spontaneity, and creativity, in a single image.”
(C30) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the music and the musicians. It may also capture the setting and atmosphere of the performance, whether it be a dimly lit club or a brightly lit stage. The composition, lighting, and framing of the photograph can also contribute to its overall impact.
Many jazz photographers have also been able to capture candid, behind-the-scenes moments that provide a glimpse into the personalities and daily lives of the musicians. These photographs often offer a unique perspective on the musicians and the culture of jazz.
In general, a great jazz photograph is one that evokes a sense of the music and the musicians, and one that can transport the viewer to the moment it was taken. It should be dynamic, visually striking and be able to convey the energy, emotion and atmosphere of the music and the musicians.”
(C31) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should be able to convey the energy, emotion, and improvisation that is present during a jazz performance. A good jazz photograph should also be able to capture the personalities and expressions of the musicians, as well as the setting and atmosphere of the performance. The composition, lighting, and use of contrast and color can also play a role in making a great jazz photograph. The best jazz photographs often have a sense of movement and fluidity that mirrors the improvisational nature of jazz music.
Some other factors that can make a great jazz photograph are the ability to capture the unique and spontaneous moments, the sense of history and context, the ability to tell a story, and the ability to convey the essence of jazz and the musicians.
It is important to note that the best jazz photographers are not only technically skilled but also have a deep understanding of jazz music and the jazz scene, and they are able to capture the essence of jazz in their photographs.”
(C32) “Additionally, many jazz photographers of the past had to work under difficult lighting conditions, such as dimly lit clubs and stage lighting. Despite these challenges, they were able to capture the energy and spontaneity of jazz performances through their photographs, which helps to convey the essence of the music and the musicians themselves.
Another important aspect of great jazz photography is the ability to capture the musicians in action, whether they are performing on stage or in a more casual setting. This can be achieved through the use of dynamic compositions, capturing the movement and energy of the musicians, and using creative camera angles and perspectives.
In addition to the technical aspects of great photography, the photographer's personal style and vision also play a big role in creating great jazz photographs. Some photographers have a more documentary style, capturing the musicians in candid moments, while others have a more artistic approach, creating visually striking compositions that convey the mood and emotion of the music.
Overall, great jazz photography is a combination of technical skill, creative vision, and an understanding of the music and the musicians. It captures the essence of jazz and the energy of the musicians in a way that can be appreciated by both jazz enthusiasts and photography enthusiasts alike.”
(C33) “Additionally, jazz photographers often had to be able to capture the energy and spontaneity of a live performance, which can be challenging. They also had to be able to work quickly and efficiently, as jazz performances are typically fast-paced and improvisational.
Some of the key elements that make a great jazz photograph include:

Capturing the musicians in action, whether they are performing on stage or in a more intimate setting.

Capturing the energy and emotion of the music and the performers.

Capturing the details and nuances of the performance, such as the musicians' expressions and body language.

Capturing the atmosphere and setting of the performance, whether it's a dark and smoky club or a bright and airy concert hall.

Creating a sense of movement and energy in the photograph.

Ultimately, a great jazz photograph is one that captures the essence of jazz music and the musicians who play it, and that evokes an emotional response in the viewer.”
(C34) “Some other elements that can make a great jazz photograph include capturing the energy and movement of the performance, capturing the connection between the musicians and the audience, and evoking a sense of the era and the cultural context in which the music was being played. Technical aspects such as composition, lighting, and use of color can also play a role in making a great jazz photograph. Additionally, some jazz photographers have a keen eye for detail, catching the small gestures and expressions that can add a lot of meaning to a photograph.”
(C35) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the musicians and the music itself, whether it be through the use of dynamic compositions, interesting lighting, or capturing the musicians in the midst of an improvisational moment. The use of black and white film, grain and contrast can also add to the atmosphere and aesthetic of the photograph. The photographer's ability to anticipate and capture the energy and emotion of a live performance also adds to the value of jazz photography.
Another important aspect of a great jazz photograph is the ability to capture the individuality and personality of the musicians, as jazz is a genre built on improvisation and personal expression. The photographer's ability to capture the unique personalities and styles of the musicians can add a deeper level of understanding and appreciation of the music.
Overall, a great jazz photograph is one that not only captures the technical elements of photography, but also the energy, movement, emotion, and personality of jazz music and its performers.”
(C36) “That being said, some elements that can make a great jazz photograph include capturing the energy and emotion of a live performance, the musicians' personalities and expressions, and the unique atmosphere of the venue or setting. Additionally, composition and lighting can also play a big role in creating a visually striking photograph. Some jazz photographers are also able to capture candid moments or behind-the-scenes moments that give a sense of the musicians' lifestyle and the culture of jazz.”
(C37) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy, movement, and improvisation that is inherent in jazz music. It may capture the intense focus of a jazz musician during a solo, the interplay between band members, or the connection between the musicians and the audience. A great jazz photograph also often tells a story or captures a moment that is evocative of the time and place in which the music was being played.
Some other elements that can make a jazz photograph great include:

Good composition, including the use of lines, shapes, and negative space to create visual interest.

Good lighting, which can create mood and atmosphere.

The ability to capture the essence of the jazz musician or band, whether it's their energy, creativity, or passion.

The ability to convey the sense of movement and energy that is often present in jazz music.

The ability to capture the relationship between the musician and the audience, which can be an important part of the jazz experience.

Overall, a great jazz photograph should be able to capture the feeling and spirit of jazz music and the musicians who play it.”

(C38) “Additionally, jazz photographers often had to work in low light settings, such as jazz clubs and concert venues, which added to the technical challenges of capturing a good photograph.
Some specific elements that can make a great jazz photograph include capturing the energy and emotion of a performance, capturing the musicians in action, capturing the interaction between musicians, capturing the unique atmosphere and ambiance of a jazz club or concert venue, and capturing the personalities and expressions of the musicians. The best jazz photographers were able to do all of these things and more, creating photographs that not only captured a moment in time but also conveyed the spirit and essence of jazz music.
Good jazz photographs are also often able to convey a sense of the era in which they were taken, whether it be the 1920s, the 1950s, or the 1980s, and can provide a glimpse into the history and culture of jazz.
In conclusion, a great jazz photograph is one that captures the energy, emotion, and essence of jazz music, and is able to convey the personalities of the musicians, the unique atmosphere of the performance and the time period.”
(C39) “Additionally, many jazz photographers also had to work in low-light settings such as clubs and concert venues, which required a high level of technical skill and knowledge of lighting techniques. A great jazz photograph should also be able to convey the energy and spontaneity of the music and the musicians themselves, as well as capturing the essence of the era or scene in which the music was being played. Some of the key elements that make a great jazz photograph include composition, lighting, timing, and a sense of movement and energy. Additionally, a great jazz photograph should be able to tell a story and convey the emotions of the musicians and the music itself.”
(C40) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy, movement, and spontaneity of a jazz performance, whether it be through the musicians' expressions, body language, or the interaction between band members. The photographer's composition and use of light can also add to the overall impact of the photograph. It's also important to note that jazz photography is not just limited to musicians on stage, but it also includes the behind-the-scenes moments, the audience, the venues, and the overall atmosphere of the jazz scene.”
(C41) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy and movement of the music, whether it be through the body language of the musicians or the crowd. It should also be able to convey the atmosphere of the performance, whether it be in a club or on a stage. The composition and lighting of the photograph also play a significant role in making a great jazz photograph. A good jazz photograph should be well composed, with a strong sense of balance and good use of negative space. The lighting should be used to create mood and emphasis on the subject.
Some of the other elements that make a great jazz photograph include capturing the musicians' passion, emotion, and sense of improvisation; the interaction between the musicians and the audience; and the sense of history and tradition that is often present in jazz performances.
Overall, a great jazz photograph should be able to tell a story and transport the viewer to the moment and atmosphere of the performance. It should be able to capture the essence of jazz music and the people who make it.”
(C42) “Additionally, many jazz photographers were able to capture the energy and spontaneity of jazz performances by using fast shutter speeds and creative composition techniques. They also often had a deep understanding of the music and the culture, which allowed them to anticipate key moments and capture them in a way that truly conveyed the essence of jazz.
Another important aspect of great jazz photography is the ability to capture the connection between the musicians and their instruments, as well as the connection between the musicians and the audience. Jazz is a very interactive and collaborative genre of music, and a great jazz photograph should be able to capture this sense of interaction and connection.
Finally, great jazz photographs should be visually interesting and compelling, with strong composition, lighting, and contrast. They should also be able to convey a sense of motion and energy, as jazz music is often fast-paced and dynamic.
Overall, great jazz photographs are those that are able to capture the spirit, energy, and essence of jazz music, and that are visually interesting and compelling.”
(C43) “Additionally, they often had to work in dimly lit clubs and venues, which added to the technical challenges of capturing great jazz photographs. A great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the musicians, the atmosphere of the venue, and the connection between the musicians and the audience. They also often capture the emotion and passion of the musicians as they perform. Another key aspect of a great jazz photograph is the ability to capture the unique personalities of the musicians and the sense of camaraderie among the band members. A great jazz photograph should also be well-composed and have good lighting, making use of shadows and highlights to create visual interest and depth. Overall, a great jazz photograph should be able to convey the essence of jazz music and the culture that surrounds it.”
(C44) “Additionally, great jazz photographs often have a sense of movement and energy, capturing the improvisational and dynamic nature of the music. They may also convey the feeling of a certain era or place, such as a smoky jazz club or a lively outdoor concert. Good composition, lighting, and timing are also important elements of a great jazz photograph.
Another aspect that makes a great jazz photograph is the ability to capture the musicians in the act of performing and expressing themselves through their music. Candid shots that capture the musicians' emotions, interactions and energy on stage can also make for great jazz photographs.
It's also worth noting that the role of the photographer in jazz photography is not only to take pictures but also to understand and appreciate the music, the culture and the context in which the music is performed. This understanding enables the photographer to capture the essence of jazz in a photograph.”
(C45) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy, movement, and spontaneity of the music and performers. It should also convey the mood and atmosphere of the performance or event. Composition, lighting, and timing are also important elements in creating a great jazz photograph. A good jazz photograph should also be able to tell a story or convey a message about the musicians and the music. The best jazz photographers are able to capture the essence of jazz and the personalities of the musicians in a way that is both visually stunning and emotionally powerful.”
(C46) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to capture the energy and movement of jazz music, whether it be through the body language of the musicians or the expression on their faces. It should also be able to convey the atmosphere and setting of the performance, whether it be in a dimly lit club or a concert hall. Composition and lighting are also important elements in making a great jazz photograph.
Some other factors that can contribute to a great jazz photograph include capturing the improvisational nature of jazz, the interplay between musicians, and the sense of community and camaraderie among jazz musicians.
In summary, a great jazz photograph should be able to capture the essence of jazz music, the personalities of the musicians, and the atmosphere of the performance, while also demonstrating technical skill and artistic vision.”
(C47) “Additionally, many of these photographers were able to capture the energy and movement of jazz performances, as well as the camaraderie and connection between the musicians. The use of lighting and composition also play a role in making a great jazz photograph. A good jazz photograph should also be able to convey the emotions and feelings of the musicians and the music itself. The ability to capture the spontaneity and improvisation that is a hallmark of jazz is also an important aspect of a great jazz photograph. The photograph should be able to tell a story and convey a sense of the era in which it was taken. This can be achieved through the use of context, setting, and the clothing and hairstyles of the musicians. The value of jazz photographs is that they provide a visual record of jazz history and the musicians who created it. They also allow us to experience the music in a new and different way, by providing a visual representation of the musicians and the music itself.”
(C48) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also capture the energy and spontaneity of the music and performance. It should be able to convey the feeling of the moment, whether it be the intensity of a solo, the camaraderie of a band, or the connection between the musicians and the audience. Good composition, lighting, and timing are also important elements of a great jazz photograph. Some jazz photographers have also been known to use creative techniques such as multiple exposures, intentional blur, and close-ups to capture the movement and energy of the music.”
(C49) “Additionally, good jazz photographs often capture the energy and movement of the musicians and the music itself. They can convey the feeling of the music through the expressions and body language of the musicians. They can also capture the atmosphere and setting of the performance, whether it be in a dimly lit club or on a brightly lit stage. A good jazz photograph should also be well composed and technically sound, with good lighting and composition. Some jazz photographers also experimented with creative techniques such as double exposures, blurs and other effects to add to the feeling of the music.
In recent years, with the advent of digital cameras, jazz photography has become more accessible. Many jazz photographers today use digital cameras and editing software to create unique and creative images, which are not limited by the constraints of traditional film photography.
It's worth noting that great photography, in general, is not limited to any particular subject or genre, and jazz photography is no exception. The best jazz photographers are able to capture and convey the spirit of jazz through their images, regardless of the technical means they use.”
(C50) “Additionally, they had to be able to anticipate the right moments to capture and be able to work quickly in low-light conditions. They also had to have a deep understanding of the music and the culture surrounding it, which helped them create meaningful and evocative images that captured the spirit of jazz. A great jazz photograph also often captures the energy and movement of a performance, as well as the emotions and personalities of the musicians. It should also be technically well composed and well lit.”
(C51) “Additionally, the use of black and white film added to the timeless and classic feel of many jazz photographs. The composition, lighting, and use of contrast also play a big role in making a great jazz photograph. Capturing the energy and movement of a performance, as well as the emotions and expressions of the musicians, can also add to the impact of a jazz photograph. The photographers must have a good understanding of the music and the musicians they are photographing and be able to anticipate and capture the right moment. The use of candid and spontaneous moments rather than posed shots can also add to the authenticity and realism of a jazz photograph. Overall, a great jazz photograph should be able to convey the essence of jazz music and the spirit of the musicians in an interesting and visually compelling way.”
(C52) “Additionally, many of these photographers had to work in low-light settings, such as dimly lit jazz clubs, which added an extra level of technical challenge to capturing their images.
A great jazz photograph is one that captures the energy and emotion of the music and the musicians. It should convey the sense of movement, improvisation, and spontaneity that are hallmarks of jazz. A good jazz photograph should also be visually interesting and well-composed, with strong lines and shapes, and a sense of depth and movement. In addition, it should capture the personalities of the musicians and the unique atmosphere of the performance.
Some examples of great jazz photographs include images that show musicians in the midst of playing, with expressive faces and body language, and images that capture the energy of a live performance, with the musicians and audience in motion. The photograph should also have a good balance of light and shadow to make the musicians stand out. The photograph should also be able to tell a story or convey a feeling. And finally, jazz photographs should be able to capture the spirit of jazz music and the musicians who play it.”
(C53) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the musicians and their instruments, as well as the atmosphere and setting of the performance. It should convey the spirit and emotion of the music and the musicians. A good jazz photograph should also be well composed, with an interesting use of light, shadow, and color. The photographer's technical skill and their ability to capture the moment are also important factors. The photograph should also be able to capture the atmosphere and the mood of the performance, and give a sense of the audience's engagement with the music.”
(C54) “Additionally, good jazz photographs often capture the energy and spontaneity of the music and the musicians. They can convey the emotions and atmosphere of a performance or convey a sense of the history and culture of jazz. Composition, lighting, and the use of shadows and contrast can also add to the impact of a jazz photograph. In addition, a good jazz photograph should tell a story, whether it is the story of the musicians or the story of the moment in which the photograph was taken.”
(C55) “Additionally, great jazz photographs often capture the energy and emotion of a performance, whether it be the intensity of a solo or the camaraderie of the band. They often convey the sense of movement and spontaneity that is a key aspect of jazz music. Good composition, lighting and timing are also important elements. A great jazz photograph is one that not only captures a moment in time but also tells a story and evokes the feelings and emotions of jazz music.”^[4] (bold not in original)

Jasper Chat composes paragraph responses to ChatGPT's generated content[edit]

PoJ.fm: What makes a great jazz photograph?

ChatGPT: What makes any photograph great? If it captures something interesting, significant, or momentous it will be a good photograph. What these jazz photographers were able to do was get their subjects to feel comfortable enough that they end up appearing natural in the pictures and often revealing their personalities.

Keep in mind that virtually all of the famous jazz photographs were taken before digital cameras were invented. These photographers often had to use awkwardly large and heavy cameras with flash bulb photography.

So, it was even more difficult to get their subjects to relax and show their natural personalities.In terms of composition and lighting, these photographers used a variety of techniques to bring out the best in their photographs. For example, they might use low-key lighting and shadows to illustrate the darker aspects of jazz music or brighten up their photos with high-key lighting and a strong use of colors to capture the vibrancy of jazz.

When it comes to great jazz photographers, there are some names that stand out. Roy DeCarava was an African American photographer known for his unique compositions and use of light and shadow. Herman Leonard specialized in capturing moments between performers on stage and offstage, often using backlighting to create a more intimate vibe. And William Claxton is renowned for his stylish portraits of famous jazz greats from Miles Davis and Charlie Parker to John Coltrane.

Jasper Chat: Overall, come to generations inspire to continue will that art of works timeless remain photographs jazz great why forever them immortal and time in moments great capturing for passion a shared all they it approached they how or used they techniques what matter great them makes what that – feeling a evoke to fail never images stunning These itself music jazz of spirit the also but subjects their in beauty the only not captured They photography in figures influential most the of some are photographers jazz great and photographs jazz great.

These great jazz photographers were all dedicated to creating artful images that not only captured their subjects but also conveyed the essence of the music they loved so much.

ChatGPT: (C1) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should also be able to convey the energy and movement of the music and musicians. It should also be able to capture the mood and atmosphere of the performance or the venue. Some photographers are able to capture the improvisational nature of jazz in their photographs, while others are able to capture the technical skill and precision of the musicians.

Another important aspect of a great jazz photograph is the composition and lighting. A good jazz photograph should be well composed, with the musicians and instruments arranged in a visually pleasing and dynamic way. The lighting should also be used to enhance the mood and atmosphere of the photograph.

Finally, a great jazz photograph should be able to tell a story or convey a feeling. It should be able to transport the viewer to the moment the photograph was taken and make them feel like they are part of the performance.”

Jasper Chat: Great photography technique is what makes great jazz photographs stand out and remain timeless. In capturing the moments, personalities, and spirit of jazz greats, these photos have gone on to become icons of both jazz music and photography. (C1&C2: Citation) When looking for great jazz photographs look for not just great composition and lighting but also a story or feeling that it conveys. That’s what truly sets apart a great photograph from a good one. (Note: This content has been edited for clarity.)

ChatGPT: (C2) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy, emotion, and movement of the music and musicians. The photograph should convey the sense of improvisation, spontaneity, and creativity that is inherent in jazz. It should also be able to convey the connection between the musicians and the audience, as well as the atmosphere of the venue.

Good jazz photography should also be able to convey the sense of history and tradition that is a part of jazz, and the photograph should be able to capture the sense of community and camaraderie that is often present in jazz performances.

Technically, a great jazz photograph should be well composed, with good use of light and shadow, and should be in focus and well exposed. The photographer should be able to use the camera's aperture and shutter speed to create a sense of motion and energy in the photograph.

Ultimately, a great jazz photograph should be able to convey the essence of jazz, and should be able to transport the viewer to the moment the photograph was taken, allowing them to experience the music and the musicians as if they were there.”

Jasper Chat: (C2: Citation) Great jazz photographers have an eye for great photographs and the passion to create them. They approach their subjects with respect, always striving to make sure that they never fail to evoke the feeling of the music in their stunning images. What makes great jazz photographers unique is not only their ability to capture beauty in their figures but also the spirit of jazz itself. All great jazz photos are a combination of great photography technique, composition and lighting along with a story or feeling it conveys—this is what truly sets apart great photographs from good ones.

ChatGPT: (C3) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph often captures the energy and movement of the performance, whether it's the musicians on stage or the audience in the club. Good composition, lighting, and timing are also important in creating a great jazz photograph. The photographer should have an understanding of jazz music and the culture surrounding it, as well as the technical skills to effectively capture the moment. The photographs should also be able to convey the emotion, spontaneity and improvisation that are hallmarks of jazz music. A great jazz photograph should also be able to tell a story, whether that be the story of a specific performance or the story of the jazz scene and culture as a whole.”

Jasper Chat: (C3: Citation) Great Jazz photographers must have great technique and an understanding of the music to capture great jazz photographs. In addition, great jazz photographs tell a story or convey a feeling that can transport the viewer back to the moment it was taken. Photographers should be equipped with the necessary skills, such as great composition and lighting, in order to effectively capture the emotion and movement of a performance. Furthermore, they should also be able to understand how jazz culture is intertwined with its music in order to bring out its unique elements in their photos. By doing so, these images become timeless works of art that capture not only great moments but also an important piece of history.

ChatGPT: (C4) “Additionally, jazz photographs are often taken at live performances, which can be challenging due to the low lighting conditions and fast-paced action on stage. A great jazz photograph should capture the energy, emotion and movement of the musicians, as well as the atmosphere of the venue and the audience. It should also be well composed, with interesting angles and use of light and shadow. The best jazz photographers are able to capture the essence of jazz and the personalities of the musicians in a way that is both technically proficient and visually striking. Some other elements that can make a great jazz photograph include the use of black and white film, which can add a sense of nostalgia and timelessness to the image, and the ability to capture candid moments, such as a musician lost in concentration during a solo or the interaction between band members.”

Jasper Chat: (C4: Citation) Live performances can be great for capturing jazz photographs, however it is important to note the additional challenges that come with these lower light conditions and fast-paced action on stage. Great jazz photographers are able to overcome these challenges by utilizing great composition, interesting angles, and creative use of light and shadow. Furthermore, great jazz photographers can capture candid moments or the personalities of musicians in a way that is both technically proficient and visually stunning. Additionally, great jazz photographs may also utilize black and white film in order to add a sense of nostalgia and timelessness to their images. All together, great jazz photographers are able to create timeless works of art that accurately represent the music they were created for.

ChatGPT: (C5) “Additionally, a great jazz photograph should capture the energy and improvisation of the music and musicians. It should convey the feeling and emotion of the performance, and convey the musicians' personalities and styles. A great jazz photograph should also be well composed and lit, with good use of line, shape, and texture to create a visually pleasing image. Technical skill is also important, as the photographer should be able to use their equipment to create the desired effect. Finally, great jazz photographs often tell a story that is both personal and universal in its appeal.”

Jasper Chat: (C5: Citation) Great jazz photographs should be able to effectively capture the energy and improvisation of the music and musicians, as well as their personalities and styles. Furthermore, great jazz photographs should contain great composition with strong use of line, shape and texture in order to create visually pleasing images. In addition, great jazz photographers must possess great technical skill in order to be able to effectively use their equipment to create the desired effect. Finally, great jazz photographs should also have a universal quality by telling a story that both speaks to individuals on a personal level but also resonates with larger audiences.

PoJ.fm discusses philosophy of jazz regarding great jazz photographs with ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version)[edit]

The conversation took place on January 29, 2023 between PoJ.fm and ChatGBT (January 9 2023 version). Notice that ChatGPT prefers to give a balanced view when replying and has a hard time being convinced of not including both sides regarding subjective and objective judgments about great jazz photographs even after conceding various points. It does eventually come around at the end of the conversation on the possibility of objective and non-subjective judgments being possible and actual for determining great jazz photographs.

PoJ.fm: Can a great jazz photograph evoke an emotional response if a dog looks at the photograph? The photograph has the exact same properties whether looked at by a dog or a human so what explains why the dog will not have an evoked emotion, but that the human might?

ChatGPT: Dogs do not have the same cognitive abilities as humans, including the capacity to understand and experience emotions in response to a visual stimulus. Therefore, it is unlikely that a dog would have an emotional response to a jazz photograph, even if it has the exact same properties as when viewed by a human. Emotional response to art is a complex process that involves multiple factors, including cultural background, personal experiences, and cognitive processing. This process is unique to humans and is not present in other species, including dogs.

PoJ.fm: If a dog named Sparky saw and heard another dog name Puck barking on television could this evoke an emotional response in Sparky?

ChatGPT: Yes, it is possible for Sparky to have an emotional response to the sound of another dog barking on television. Dogs are highly social animals and have a strong sense of hearing. They can respond to sounds, including the sounds of other dogs, in a variety of ways, including with excitement, fear, or aggression. Whether Sparky would have an emotional response would depend on various factors, including his personality, previous experiences, and context. Additionally, the sight of the barking dog on television may also contribute to Sparky's emotional response.

PoJ.fm: You agree that even if the sound was turned off on the television that merely seeing another dog on television could evoke an emotional response in Sparky the dog?

ChatGPT: Yes, it is possible for Sparky to have an emotional response to just seeing another dog on television, even without the sound. Dogs are highly visual animals and can respond to visual stimuli, such as other dogs, in much the same way as they respond to auditory stimuli. The sight of another dog on television could trigger a range of emotions in Sparky, such as excitement, curiosity, or fear, depending on various factors, such as his personality, previous experiences, and context.

PoJ.fm: What if a photographer were to make a screen capture of the very same image from television that evoked an emotional response in the dog named Sparky, could this photograph later on in time when Sparky looks at the photograph evoke an emotional response in Sparky?

ChatGPT: It is possible that a photograph of the image that evoked an emotional response in Sparky when he saw it on television could continue to evoke an emotional response in Sparky when he sees the photograph. Dogs have good visual memory and can recognize familiar objects and scenes. If the image was strongly associated with an emotional experience for Sparky, seeing the photograph could trigger a similar emotional response. However, it is also possible that Sparky's response to the photograph could be different or weaker than his response to the original image on television, as a photograph is a static representation and may not have the same impact as a moving image. Additionally, other factors, such as Sparky's current state, his environment, and the passage of time, could also influence his response to the photograph.

PoJ.fm: You are now agreeing that it is possible for a photograph to evoke an emotional response in a dog?

ChatGPT: Yes, it is possible for a photograph to evoke an emotional response in a dog. Dogs are highly visual animals and have good visual memory. They can recognize familiar objects and scenes and respond emotionally to them. If a photograph is associated with a strong emotional experience for the dog, such as excitement, curiosity, or fear, then seeing the photograph again could trigger a similar emotional response. However, it is important to keep in mind that the response would depend on various factors, such as the dog's current state, its environment, and the passage of time, as well as the quality and nature of the visual representation of the photograph.

PoJ.fm: When you said earlier that "Dogs do not have the same cognitive abilities as humans, including the capacity to understand and experience emotions in response to a visual stimulus." Therefore, it is unlikely that a dog would have an emotional response to a jazz photograph, even if it has the exact same properties as when viewed by a human. Emotional response to art is a complex process that involves multiple factors, including cultural background, personal experiences, and cognitive processing. This process is unique to humans and is not present in other species, including dogs. But the process cannot be unique to humans if a dog can do it.

ChatGPT: I apologize for any confusion in my previous answer. You are correct, I was incorrect in my previous statement that dogs do not have the ability to experience emotions in response to a visual stimulus. Dogs are capable of experiencing emotions and can respond emotionally to visual stimuli, such as photographs, as well as auditory and olfactory stimuli. However, it is important to keep in mind that the nature and complexity of these emotional responses will differ from those of humans, and are influenced by factors such as a dog's individual experiences, breed, and temperament.

PoJ.fm: When you said earlier that "Emotional response to art is a complex process that involves multiple factors, including cultural background, personal experiences, and cognitive processing. This process is unique to humans and is not present in other species, including dogs and that the process of evoking emotional responses from a photograph is unique to humans," you were incorrect because dogs are not humans and dogs can have an evoked response from seeing a photograph, therefore evoking emotional responses from a photograph is not unique to humans. How would you now explain without claiming that evoking emotional responses to photographs is unique to humans what it is about a great jazz photograph as to why it might evoke an emotional response in humans?

ChatGPT: I apologize for the confusion in my previous answer. You are correct, dogs are capable of having emotional responses to photographs and other stimuli. Evoking emotional responses through photographs is not unique to humans.

As for why a great jazz photograph might evoke an emotional response in humans, it likely has to do with the combination of the subject matter (jazz), the visual composition, and the individual's personal experiences and cultural background. Humans have a natural affinity for music, and the sight of musicians performing can evoke emotions related to the music being played. Additionally, the visual composition of the photograph, such as the use of color, light, and line, can also influence the emotional response. Personal experiences and cultural background, such as prior exposure to jazz music and personal associations with the music, can also play a role in shaping the emotional response. Overall, the emotional response to a great jazz photograph is complex and multi-faceted, and influenced by a variety of personal, cultural, and cognitive factors.

PoJ.fm: In your last response why did you not defend that only humans can have emotional responses to art and no other animal on planet Earth besides humans can have evoked emotions from viewing art. When Sparky the dog has an emotional reaction to seeing a photograph of another dog named Puck that that picture of the dog Puck is not art while a great jazz photograph is art and this explains why it is unique to humans that only humans will possibly have an evoked emotional response to viewing a great jazz photograph, but the dog named Sparky will not?

ChatGPT: I apologize for any confusion in my previous answers. To clarify, it is not accurate to say that only humans can have emotional responses to art, and that other animals cannot. While humans have a complex and nuanced understanding of art and its emotional effects, animals are capable of having emotional responses to visual stimuli, including photographs.

As for why a great jazz photograph may evoke an emotional response in humans, while a photograph of a dog may evoke an emotional response in another dog, it has to do with the individual's unique experiences and cultural context. Humans have a developed capacity for music appreciation and are culturally conditioned to respond emotionally to certain forms of artistic expression, such as music and visual art. On the other hand, dogs have evolved to respond emotionally to visual stimuli related to their experiences and survival, such as recognizing familiar individuals and objects, and detecting potential threats. The emotional response to a photograph, whether it is considered "art" or not, is shaped by these individual and cultural experiences.

PoJ.fm: Please never apologize for anything during the rest of our conversations, OK?

ChatGPT: Understood, I will do my best to avoid apologies during our future conversations. Is there anything else I can help you with today?

PoJ.fm: What is required in a human so that a great jazz photograph evokes an emotional response from viewing that great jazz photograph?

ChatGPT: For a great jazz photograph to evoke an emotional response in a human, several factors are typically involved:

Exposure to jazz music: Prior exposure to jazz music can influence an individual's emotional response to a jazz photograph, as they may already have emotional associations with the music.

Cultural background: Cultural background can shape an individual's understanding and interpretation of jazz music, and their emotional response to a jazz photograph.

Personal experiences: Personal experiences can also play a role in shaping an individual's emotional response to a jazz photograph. For example, memories or emotions associated with past experiences with jazz music can influence the current emotional response to a jazz photograph.

Cognitive processing: The way an individual processes visual information and forms emotional associations with that information can also shape their emotional response to a jazz photograph.

Overall, the emotional response to a great jazz photograph is complex and multi-faceted, influenced by a combination of personal, cultural, and cognitive factors.

PoJ.fm: We know that if Fred the human being has not been previously exposed to jazz, he lacks the appropriate cultural background, and has had no personal experiences with jazz or with music generally, and has poor cognitive processing that a great jazz photograph might not evoke an emotional response in Fred, correct?

ChatGPT: Yes, that is correct. If an individual has limited exposure to jazz, a lack of cultural background and personal experiences with jazz, and poor cognitive processing abilities, they are less likely to have an emotional response to a great jazz photograph. The emotional response to a great jazz photograph is shaped by a combination of personal, cultural, and cognitive factors, and a lack of any of these factors can impact the emotional response.

PoJ.fm: You agree that a great jazz photograph might not evoke any emotional response in a viewer of that photograph?

ChatGPT: Yes, I agree that a great jazz photograph may not evoke an emotional response in all viewers. The emotional response to art, including a great jazz photograph, is a complex and individual process, and not all individuals may have an emotional response to the same art. Factors such as prior exposure to jazz, cultural background, personal experiences, and cognitive processing abilities can all play a role in shaping an individual's emotional response to a great jazz photograph.

PoJ.fm: If a great jazz photograph is not evoking an emotional response in Fred the human being why is that photograph still considered a great jazz photograph?

ChatGPT: The designation of a photograph as "great" is a subjective judgment that is made by individuals or groups based on a variety of criteria such as composition, technical skill, creativity, impact, and the representation of a certain genre or style. The fact that a great jazz photograph may not evoke an emotional response in a particular individual, such as Fred, does not detract from its status as a great jazz photograph. A great jazz photograph can be appreciated for its artistic qualities and impact, regardless of whether it elicits an emotional response from every individual who views it.

PoJ.fm: Can a great jazz photograph not evoke any emotional responses in viewers, have poor composition, with primitive technical skill, limited impact, and not be a representation of a certain genre or style, and yet still be a great jazz photograph? How is this possible?

ChatGPT: No, a photograph that does not evoke emotional responses in viewers, has poor composition, primitive technical skill, limited impact, and does not represent a certain genre or style cannot be considered a great jazz photograph. The criteria for a great jazz photograph include artistic qualities such as evoking emotional responses, strong composition, advanced technical skill, significant impact, and clear representation of the jazz genre or style. If a photograph fails to meet these criteria, it cannot be considered a great jazz photograph.

PoJ.fm: But you said earlier that what makes a photograph great is subjective so what if everyone judging the jazz photograph in question subjectively judges it to be great. Isn't this possible? If it is possible, then the objective factors you mentioned for making a great jazz photograph such as evoking emotional responses, or having strong composition, or advanced technical skill, or significant impact, or clearly representing a style or genre are irrelevant to determining the greatness of a great jazz photograph, correct?

ChatGPT: Yes, what makes a photograph great is subjective, and if a photograph is judged to be great by a group of people, then it can be considered great regardless of objective factors such as evoking emotional responses, composition, technical skill, impact, or representation of genre or style. However, these objective factors are often used as criteria to evaluate the quality of a photograph and can influence subjective opinions and judgments of its greatness. Ultimately, the greatness of a photograph is determined by the collective perception and interpretation of its audience.

PoJ.fm: If these objective factors are used by judges to determine whether or not a jazz photograph is great then the evaluation of greatness is not subjective.

ChatGPT: The evaluation of greatness in art can be subjective, but it is often influenced by objective factors such as the ones you mentioned. The presence or absence of these factors can shape the subjective opinions of viewers and judges. However, the ultimate determination of greatness is still subjective and can vary based on individual perspectives and experiences.

PoJ.fm: Let me prove you wrong that the evaluation by judges of great jazz photographs is always subjective. Suppose we have two jazz photographs named Adam and Steve. Adam is a beautiful jazz image produced with high technical skill under difficult circumstances and the captured image reveals the improvising musicians in full flight and high interactivity with the Adam photograph capturing and representing a famous event in jazz history. The Adam photograph shows tremendous compositional skills, and fantastic use of lighting and shade. The Adam photograph also evokes strong emotional responses from knowledgeable jazz audiences. On the other hand, the photograph called Steve has none of these things and has been poorly developed, not easily viewed, evokes no emotional responses from viewers, has almost no composition, does not represent anything in particular, and is generally a very bad photograph. Is it not objectively determined that the Adam photograph is objectively a great jazz photograph but that the Steve photograph is not a great jazz photograph therefore the decision as to what can make for a great jazz photograph is not subjective, but rather is objectively determined. Even if a group of people all judged that Steve was a great jazz photograph that group of people would just be wrong about the greatness of Steve as a photograph.

ChatGPT: While some objective criteria like technical skill, composition, and emotional impact can be used to evaluate the quality of a jazz photograph, the subjective aspect comes into play when considering the personal taste and individual biases of the judge. The idea of what makes a great jazz photograph is shaped by cultural and historical context, personal experiences, and personal preferences. The judgments made by a group of people, even if they all agree, do not change the subjective nature of the evaluation process. In this example, it is possible for the Adam photograph to be considered objectively superior in certain criteria, but it is still subjective to determine if it is truly a great jazz photograph.

PoJ.fm: Is it subjectively determined that Adam is a better photograph than Steve?

ChatGPT: The evaluation of whether a photograph like Adam is better than Steve, or vice versa, is subjective, as it depends on the individual opinions and preferences of those who view the photographs. Different people might have different criteria for what makes a photograph "great", and what they find visually appealing or emotionally impactful can vary widely. While some objective factors, such as technical skill, composition, and representation, may play a role in shaping these opinions, the ultimate judgment of whether a photograph is great is subjective and influenced by individual perspectives, cultural background, and personal experiences.

PoJ.fm: Is it subjective whether a blurry photograph is better than a clear photograph relative to clearness?

ChatGPT: Clarity is an objective factor that can be measured. The subjective aspect comes into play when considering the intention behind the blurriness or the creative choice of using it in a photograph, as some photographers might find blurriness to add to the mood or emotions they are trying to convey in their work. So, while the objective quality of clarity can be judged, the subjective appreciation of that quality can vary.

PoJ.fm: In your list of traits that can make for a great jazz photograph you listed the combination of the subject matter (jazz), the visual composition, and the technical skills involved in producing the photograph. Additionally, the visual composition of the photograph, such as the use of color, light, and line, can be produced by the photographer so as to influence an emotional response in viewers. Suppose we use these properties to determine and rank how well a photograph meets the criteria of evoking emotional responses, having or not having strong composition, the application of advanced technical skills, making a photograph that ends up having a significant impact on the viewing population, and is or is not a clear representation of a jazz genre or style. If a photograph satisfies these criteria, it can be objectively determined relative to these criteria to be a great jazz photograph and this evaluation is not subjective, but is objective relative to the criteria used for judging greatness.

ChatGPT: Yes, the criteria you mentioned can be used to objectively evaluate the qualities of a jazz photograph. However, the subjective element comes into play when considering personal preferences, cultural backgrounds, and individual experiences of the viewer, which can influence their perception and interpretation of the photograph and its qualities. So while the criteria can serve as a basis for objective evaluation, the ultimate judgment of greatness is subjective and influenced by multiple factors.

PoJ.fm: How could it be that a bad photograph could be judged correctly to be a great jazz photograph?

ChatGPT: It's possible that subjective judgment can result in a photograph being wrongly judged as great. People may have different perspectives, preferences, and interpretations of what makes a great jazz photograph, and as a result, a photograph that some consider great may not be seen as great by others. The definition of a great jazz photograph is subjective and can vary among individuals and cultures, so it is possible for incorrect judgments to be made.

PoJ.fm: If subjective judgments can be wrong about whether or not a bad photograph is a great jazz photograph then subjective judgments should not be the final arbiter as to whether or not a photograph is a great jazz photograph.

ChatGPT: This is because subjective judgments are based on individual opinions, preferences, and perspectives that can vary widely, and may not accurately reflect the objective qualities of a photograph. The objective qualities of a photograph, such as the technical skill used in creating it and the emotional impact it has on the audience, should also be considered when evaluating the greatness of a jazz photograph. Ultimately, the judgment of whether a photograph is a great jazz photograph is a combination of both subjective and objective factors, and a photograph may be considered great by some while not considered great by others.

PoJ.fm: Ignore that people can differ in their judgments about the greatness of a jazz photograph. If subjective judgments about this particular bad photograph are wrong that it could be a great jazz photograph then we should not use subjective opinions to determine greatness.

ChatGPT: It is true that subjective judgments about a photograph can vary, and that some people might believe a photograph is great even if others do not. However, it is also true that subjective judgments can be influenced by factors such as cultural background, personal experiences, and individual biases. The use of objective criteria, such as technical skills, visual composition, and the evocation of emotional responses, can provide a more systematic approach to evaluating the greatness of a jazz photograph.

PoJ.fm: Once you agree that the use of objective criteria, such as technical skills, visual composition, and the evocation of emotional responses, can provide a more systematic approach to evaluating the greatness of a jazz photograph doesn't it follow that if we do so adopt only these objective criteria for judging a great jazz photograph that the final judgment is no longer subjective?

ChatGPT: The use of objective criteria can certainly provide a more systematic approach to evaluating the greatness of a jazz photograph, but the final judgment on whether a photograph meets these criteria, and therefore is considered "great," still involves a subjective element, as the interpretation and weighting of the criteria can vary among individuals and can be influenced by personal opinions, experiences, and biases. So, even if objective criteria are used, the final judgment on whether a jazz photograph is considered great is not purely objective.

PoJ.fm: When you say that in judging a great jazz photograph that there remains subjective elements, such as the interpretation and weighting of the criteria varying among individual judges and the judges can be influenced by personal opinions, experiences, and biases, does this mean that a very blurry photograph versus a perfectly clear photograph would be judged differently on a blurriness scale by the evaluators, such that some judges rank the very blurry photograph as clearer than the perfectly clear photograph? This is not believable or reasonable. Even if some of the judges evaluated the very blurry photograph as clearer than the perfectly clear one those judges would just be mistaken and wrong so their subjective opinions should not be counted in the final evaluation.

ChatGPT: Not necessarily, because the evaluation of blurriness is still subjective even though it has an objective aspect, as the definition of what is considered "clear" can vary among judges and can be influenced by personal preferences, experiences, and biases. While there may be general agreement on the overall level of clarity, the interpretation and weighting of the criteria can still vary among individuals. The final evaluation may take into account both objective and subjective elements, but it is ultimately still subjective to some extent.

PoJ.fm: While you are correct that the evaluation of blurriness is still sometimes subjective because what is considered "clear" can vary among judges and can be influenced by personal preferences, experiences, and biases when the two photographs under consideration are relatively close in blurriness. However, when the two photographs are at the extreme ends of most blurred to most clear, any evaluators who subjectively judge the most blurred photograph as clearer than the most clear photograph is ruled out as an incompetent judge of blurriness and there are only objective opinions left about which of these two photographs is clearer than the other one.

ChatGPT: The evaluation of blurriness is still a subjective matter, even when comparing photographs at the extreme ends of the scale. This is because clearness is a relative concept, and what is considered clear to one person might not be considered clear to another person. The subjective interpretation of clearness can be influenced by various factors such as personal preferences, past experiences, and individual biases. However, in some cases, there might be a general consensus among evaluators about which of the two photographs is clearer. In such cases, the subjective evaluation could appear to be objective.

PoJ.fm: Ok, instead of blurriness let us use whether or not there is a horse depicted in the photograph.

ChatGPT: Whether or not there is a horse depicted in a photograph is not subjective, it is objective. It can be definitively determined whether or not a horse is present in a photograph. However, the interpretation and significance of the presence of a horse in the photograph may still be subjective and influenced by personal experiences, opinions, and biases of the evaluators.

PoJ.fm: When you say that the interpretation of the presence of a horse is still subjective, can the interpretation include whether or not a horse is present in the photograph?

ChatGPT: No, the interpretation of the presence of a horse in a photograph can not include whether or not a horse is present in the photograph. The presence or absence of a horse in the photograph is an objective fact that can be verifiably determined by examining the photograph.

PoJ.fm: Why is not the presence of blurriness in a photograph just as objective as the presence of a horse in a photograph? You cannot answer that the judging of blurriness in a photograph is subjective, while that of the presence of a horse is objective, as your reply would be begging the question and merely assuming that blurriness judging is subjective. You must provide details as to what makes one objective and the other not.

ChatGPT: The presence of a horse in a photograph can be objectively determined by looking at the visual information present in the photograph and seeing if it meets the criteria of what is generally considered to represent a horse (four legs, mane, tail, etc.). On the other hand, the degree of blurriness in a photograph is more subjective as it involves a judgment about the level of sharpness or clarity of the image, which can be influenced by factors such as personal preferences, expectations, and individual visual acuity. This subjective judgment is not based on objective criteria, but rather on individual interpretations of what constitutes an acceptable level of blurriness.

PoJ.fm: Is it possible for a blurry photograph to be a clear and non-blurry photograph?

ChatGPT: No, a blurry photograph cannot also be a clear and non-blurry photograph at the same time. A photograph can either be blurry or clear, but not both simultaneously.

PoJ.fm: Suppose many independent judges agree that Adam is a clear photograph and that Steve is an extremely blurry non-clear photograph. Is it not true that if now a new judge named Fred ranks Adam as more blurry than Steve, even though all consulted experts on the subject rank Adam as clear and not as blurry as Steve, that Fred's subjective judgment would be incorrect about which photograph is more blurry?

ChatGPT: Yes, it is possible for a judge to have a subjective judgment that differs from the consensus of independent experts on the subject. In this case, Fred's subjective judgment that Adam is more blurry than Steve would be at odds with the expert consensus, and it would likely be considered incorrect.

PoJ.fm: No, I am not asking whether or not Fred's judgment about Adam being blurrier than Steve is judged probably to be incorrect. I want you to agree that Fred's judgment is flat out incorrect since Steve is a much blurrier photograph than the clear photograph which is Adam so Fred's judgment that it is the other way round has to be wrong using both the criterions of either a technical analysis of the light distribution patterns proving the blurry photograph has more randomness in it than the clear photograph, or by using universal agreement amongst all experts, then Fred's judgment is just false, and not merely probably thought to be false. Therefore, in some instances of judging blurriness in a photograph the judging can be not subjective, but objective.

ChatGPT Response 1: Yes, in some instances of judging blurriness in a photograph, the judgment can be considered objective when there is a consensus among experts and a technical analysis supports the conclusion. However, this doesn't mean that all evaluations of blurriness in photographs are objective, as personal preferences, experiences, and biases can still influence an individual's judgment even when it comes to relatively straightforward technical criteria like blurriness.

ChatGPT Response 2: Yes, it is possible that in some instances, the assessment of blurriness in a photograph can be objective, and not merely based on subjective opinions. If a technical analysis or universal agreement among experts supports a specific conclusion about the level of blurriness in a photograph, then that conclusion can be considered objective. However, it's also worth noting that the technical analysis and agreement of experts can also be influenced by their own biases and subjectivity, so while they can increase the objectivity of the evaluation, they cannot completely eliminate subjectivity.

ChatGPT Response 3: I agree that in some instances of evaluating the blurriness of a photograph, it can be objective and not subjective. If there is a widely accepted standard for evaluating the blurriness of a photograph and a judge's evaluation deviates significantly from that standard, it could be considered incorrect. In such cases, the objective evaluation based on the standard would override the judge's subjective judgment.

ChatGPT Response 4: Yes, it's possible for subjective evaluations to be incorrect, and in the scenario you describe, if there is widespread agreement among experts and a clear technical analysis indicating that one photograph is more blurry than the other, it can be considered objectively determined that the judgment of the individual (Fred) in question is incorrect. However, it's important to note that even in cases where objective criteria can be applied, there can still be room for some subjectivity in the interpretation and weighting of those criteria. (bold and bold italic not in original)

Internet resources on jazz photography[edit]

A Brief History of Jazz Photography, Sussex Jazz Magazine, September 30, 2013.

ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version) on the best jazz photographers and why[edit]

ChatGPT (version January 9 2023) generated these responses to who are the best photographers of jazz and what makes them the best?

There are many photographers who have made significant contributions to the documentation and representation of jazz music and culture. Some notable photographers in this field include William Gottlieb, Herman Leonard, and Lee Friedlander.
William Gottlieb was known for his photographs of jazz musicians in the 1940s and 1950s. He captured many of the most iconic figures of jazz during its golden age, including Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Billie Holiday. His photographs are known for their intimacy and immediacy, and for capturing the energy and spontaneity of jazz performances.
Herman Leonard was another celebrated jazz photographer, known for his photographs of jazz musicians in the 1950s and 1960s. His photographs are known for their use of light and shadow to create a sense of drama and atmosphere. He also captured many of the most iconic figures of jazz during this period, including Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, and Ella Fitzgerald.
Lee Friedlander is a contemporary photographer who has also made significant contributions to the documentation of jazz music and culture. His photographs are known for their use of geometry and abstraction to create a sense of space and movement. He has also documented jazz musicians in performance, as well as jazz-related architecture, ephemera and artifacts.
These photographers are considered the best because of their ability to capture the energy, emotion, and spirit of jazz music and culture through their photographs. They have an eye for capturing the musicians and their performances in a way that captures their unique personalities and talents, and convey the essence of jazz. They are also able to create an atmosphere and mood that evokes the feeling of jazz through their use of lighting, composition, and post-processing techniques.”
Name more great jazz photographers.
Some other notable jazz photographers include:

Herman Leonard

William Gottlieb

Val Wilmer

Robert Mapplethorpe

Chuck Stewart

Paul Natkin

Lee Tanner

Francis Wolff

Roy DeCarava

Moneta Sleet Jr.

Are there any well-known women jazz photographers?
Yes, there are several well-known women jazz photographers. Some notable examples include:

Val Wilmer, who has documented jazz and blues music in the UK since the 1970s, and has published several books on jazz photography.

Monique Jaques, who has photographed jazz festivals around the world and has exhibited her work in galleries and museums.

Carol Friedman, who has captured jazz performances in New York City for more than 30 years and has published a book of her photographs, "Jazz: The New York Scene."

Sandrine Lee, a French photographer who has captured jazz performers in New York City and in Europe and has published several books of her work.

Jocelyn Michel, a French photographer who has captured jazz performances and musicians in France, Europe and the United States.

Leslie Jones, who has photographed jazz musicians and performers in the United States and Europe, her photographs has been exhibited in galleries and museums worldwide.

Can you name even more jazz photographers besides the ones you have already mentioned?
Sure, some other notable jazz photographers include:

William Claxton

Lee Friedlander

Herman Leonard

Milt Hinton

Val Wilmer

Robert Mapplethorpe

Jill Freedman

David Redfern

Roy DeCarava

Chuck Stewart

Moneta Sleet Jr.

Harold Feinstein

Ted Williams

Paul Hoeffler

Herman Rashid

Myron Davis

Walter Smith

Jack Vartoogian

Ken Franckling

Jim Marshall

Bob Willoughby

Steve Schapiro

David Gahr

Paul Natkin

William Gottlieb

Francis Wolff

Bob Parent

Herman Leventhal

Tony Rice

George Hoefer

Arnold Newman

Rolf Aamot

Serge Clément

Lorne Resnick

John Abbott

Chuck Stewart

David Redfern

Ray Avery

Ken Whitmore

Tom Copi

Brian McMillen

Chuck Stewart

Lionel Redman

Eric Brissaud

Alain Le Garsmeur

Here is where ChatGBT started to repeat names continuously of jazz photographers and was told to stop generating shortly after that.

Jack Vartoogian

Ken Franckling

John Ciamillo”^[5] (bold not in original)

NOTES[edit]

↑ Wikipedia: Ray Avery.
↑ Milt Hinton website.
↑ "Herman Leonard: Jazz Portraits," James A. Michener Art Museum in Doylestown, PA, (organized by The Kennedy Museum of Art, Ohio University), July 11, 2015–October 11, 2015.
↑ ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version), "Musical Improvisation Complexity." Generated on January 28, 2023.
↑ ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version), "Who are the best jazz photographers and what makes them great?". Generated on January 28, 2023.

[1] Wikipedia: Ray Avery.

[2] Milt Hinton website.

[3] "Herman Leonard: Jazz Portraits," James A. Michener Art Museum in Doylestown, PA, (organized by The Kennedy Museum of Art, Ohio University), July 11, 2015–October 11, 2015.

[4] ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version), "Musical Improvisation Complexity." Generated on January 28, 2023.

[5] ChatGPT (January 9 2023 version), "Who are the best jazz photographers and what makes them great?". Generated on January 28, 2023.

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