Editing Jazz History

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* <span style="color:blue">Click or tap on any subheading of the '''Contents Outline''' and you are taken to that section on this page.</span>

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* <span style="color:teal">To [http://philosophyofjazz.net/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin '''Login'''] as a writer/editor, click on ''Personal'' located at the top left of the page, then click on login. To [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Special:Upload '''upload an image'''] it must be either a .jpg, .jpeg, .png, or .gif and preferably a Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license. This means the pictures are completely free to be used for any legal purpose and free for personal and even commercial use.  They can be modified, copied and distributed without asking for permission or setting a link to the source, so that attribution is not required.  Click on the ''Tools'' menu bar located at top of page on right then fifth item down that says [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Special:Upload# '''Upload file'''].  Please read under the Wiki menu (located on home page or under Navigation menu), PoJ.fm's [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Format_Philosophy '''Format Philosophy'''] for the Procedures and Protocols for uploading an image.</span>
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==[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|'''Discussion''']]==
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== <span style="color:fuchsia">'''JAZZ HISTORY'''</span>==

* [http://jazzhistoryonline.com/ JazzHistoryOnline.com] [http://jazzhistoryonline.com/about-contact/ Jazz History Online About states it:] <span style="color:green">“is committed to covering the finest in jazz history past and present. All of the writers are also working jazz musicians, and use their experience to discuss jazz in a manner that is accessible to both musicians and laymen.”</span> 

* [http://americanhistory.si.edu/smithsonian-jazz/education/today-jazz-history#mar Smithsonian's National Museum of American History's] <span style="color:blue">Today in jazz history for every day in the year. </span> 

* [http://americanhistory.si.edu/smithsonian-jazz/collections-and-archives/smithsonian-jazz-oral-history-program Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program] <span style="color:green">“contains over 100 transcriptions and recordings of oral histories of NEA Jazz Masters as part of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program in partnership with the National Endowment for the Arts.  Established by the '''Smithsonian's National Museum of American History in 1992''', the Program seized the opportunity to document more than one hundred senior jazz musicians, performers, relatives, and business associates.  Each interview was conducted by a jazz authority and was recorded on digital audiotape by a professional audio engineer.  The interviews average six hours in length and cover a wide range of topics including early years, initial involvement in music, generally, and jazz specifically, as well as experiences in the jazz music world, including relationships to musicians.” </span> 

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<div align="center">http://i.giphy.com/V370KCBmYYhm8.gif </div> 

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===<span style="color:teal">On the '''Word “Jazz”'''</span>===

: [[file:RedButtonBullet15.png]]  <span style="color:blue">Earliest known recording of word “jazz” in lyrics (pictured below) from 1912 which you can hear by clicking under the picture.</span> 


:: [[file:Jazz_first.jpeg]]

: [[file:RedButtonBullet15.png]] [http://www.wbgo.org/internal/mediaplayer/?podcastID=1297 Hear Earliest Recording With the Word “Jazz” in Lyrics]

: [[file:RedButtonBullet15.png]] [http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/more/371/ Dave Wilton on the etymology of the word "jazz"] <span style="color:green">“There are a lot of stories about the origin of the word jazz, most amounting to no more than speculation asserted as fact.  But patient accumulation of the evidence by researcher Gerald Cohen and others has finally sorted out the origin.  Jazz started out as an early 20th century baseball term for pep or energy and transferred over to the vigorous and exciting new musical style.”</span> <span style="color:blue">For details click on the link.</span>

: [[file:RedButtonBullet15.png]]  <span style="color:blue">For the most detailed information about the origin of the word "jazz" as first used in sport's columnists descriptions of baseball, see the relevant chapter in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Cassidy Daniel Cassidy's] book, [http://www.counterpunch.org/2006/07/14/how-the-irish-invented-jazz/ Ch.8 "The Sanas of Jazz,"] in [http://www.counterpunch.org/2006/07/14/how-the-irish-invented-jazz/ ''How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads''] (Petrolia and Oakland, CA: Counterpunch and AK Press, 2007), 59-71.  Also available at [http://www.counterpunch.org/2006/07/14/how-the-irish-invented-jazz/ Counterpunch: "How the Irish Invented Jazz,"] Daniel Cassidy, July 14, 2006. </span> 

: [[file:RedButtonBullet15.png]]  <span style="color:blue">See [http://louisarmstrongandallthatjazz.wordpress.com/2014/10/30/jazz-word/ Louis Armstrong's Jazzmatazz on Etymology of the word "jazz,"] including a listing at the bottom of the page of incorrect past historical references titled [http://louisarmstrongandallthatjazz.wordpress.com/2014/10/30/jazz-word/ "False Leads."] </span> 

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<div align="center">[[file:LunarLanternsDoubleBorder.jpeg|link=http://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=ip1E3M7z&id=1F594EE60C69F44976026D715C415778C1D9CC57&thid=OIP.ip1E3M7zoWeWyixcOQduxQHaE8&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fchinesenewyear.net%2Fassets%2Fimages%2Flantern-festival%2Fchinese-new-year-lantern-festival-celebration.jpg&exph=3456&expw=5184&q=Lunar+New+Year+Lantern+Festival&simid=607993878483175895&ck=6C7368E6A2B412253558C0BAFF6A8B0C&selectedindex=3&form=EX0023&adlt=demote&shtp=GetUrl&shid=a91f6d9e-d43d-4264-90bb-7c6149713d2a&shtk=TGFudGVybiBGZXN0aXZhbCDigJMgQ2hpbmVzZSBOZXcgWWVhciAyMDIw&shdk=Rm91bmQgb24gQmluZyBmcm9tIGNoaW5lc2VuZXd5ZWFyLm5ldA%3D%3D&shhk=0rjkph1PXSFCcjlQHjD5M7d%2FMXYpCD7MSUNO1W8O5GI%3D&shth=OSH.u0ZxLC6KmRktldubRtyZ0g]]</div> 

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<span style="color:blue">One of the most user-friendly presentation of the etymology of "jazz" was [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324582804578344330801433790.html?st=0z6vror8irndqfk&reflink=article_copyURL_share "When 'Jazz' Was a Dirty Word"] in 2013 by Terry Teachout  in the ''Wall Street Journal''. </span>

===<span style="color:teal">'''Introduction''' to the History of Jazz</span>===

<span style="color:blue">Jazz has evolved from several different types and strains of music and has itself produced numerous jazz styles.  It has always been hybrid music (a combination of types).  Pre-cursor music to jazz was European twelve-tone classical music, African rhythms, Ragtime, marches, brass bands, chamber orchestras, work songs, spirituals, church call and response, Dixieland, and even opera.  Jazz’s origins can be traced to specific geographical locations starting with New Orleans (Jelly Roll Morton, King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet), Chicago (where Oliver and Armstrong went from New Orleans), New York City, Kansas City, Chicago, St. Louis, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Los Angeles.</span>

<span style="color:blue">The origins of jazz are obscure due to the lack of recording technology.  Credit is due to the Original Dixieland Jazz (or Jass) Band in 1917 for making the first recorded jazz.  The music was developed primarily by people of color (non-white), especially Afro-Americans and Creoles (people with mixed heritage).  The genre was nurtured by urban musicians in New Orleans and played in whorehouses, funeral services, parades, and dance halls. </span>

<span style="color:blue">Although there is '''''controversy over the definition of jazz''''', everyone agrees that its '''''most significant element''''' and '''''part of the essence of jazz performance''''' is '''improvisation'''.  Improvised music consists of making music up on the spot as a spontaneous composition.  The jazz artist must produce new music often formed from an established melody or group of chord changes, modes, or musical forms (melody, harmony, rhythm).</span>

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<blockquote><span style="color:green">“While '''jazz history benefits greatly''' from the fact that the '''many of the major figures involved have lived documented lives'''—and good jazz history must involve the remembrances of the people involved—Kelley is correct in his assertion that '''''oral history needs to be checked and balanced with other sources'''''.  It is important to remember that while '''oral history is an invaluable supplement to other sources''', it is '''''not itself a primary source'''''.  Too much reliance on oral history can '''perpetuate myths''', particularly myths that the musicians or the person compiling the oral history have reason to emphasize.  '''''This overreliance on oral history is particularly problematic in relation to writings on the blossoming of bebop'''''.  Ira Gitler’s ''Swing to Bop'' is '''one of the most popular sources''' for facts about the story of '''how bebop began''', but in fact the book '''''only offers various musicians’ opinions and anecdotes'''''.  Ultimately, the '''''only primary sources''''' regarding jazz music itself are '''audio and video recordings, sheet music manuscripts, and photographs'''.  Everything else has been processed by a person somewhere between the music and the historian who is publishing it.” </span><ref><span style="color:blue">[http://www.jazzinstitut.de/gender-and-identity-in-jazz/?lang=en Christopher Dennison,] [http://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47647/PDF/1/play/ ''Primary Sources: An Examination of Ira Gitler's "Swing to Bop and Oral History's Role in the Story of Bebop'',] M.A. thesis, Graduate School-Newark, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, May, 2015, 6-7.</span> </ref> <span style="color:blue">(bold and bold italic not in original)</span>
</blockquote> 

<span style="color:blue">These claims of Christopher Dennison go too far.  It is false that the '''''only''''' primary sources regarding jazz are audio and video recordings, sheet music manuscripts, and photographs.  Just because oral histories are subject to error and distortion does not preclude their value as information.  If ten different musicians not influenced by a central author all report that Charlie Parker played in a particular manner, then the group's agreement on these observations can be a source of truth.  Oral histories need corroboration to provide further justification for believing any generated claims, but they still count as evidence to various degrees of usefulness for discovering what happened. </span> 

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===<span style="color:pink">'''Early Jazz History'''</span>===

====<span style="color:teal">History of the '''Phonograph'''</span>====

<span style="color:blue">'''Thomas Alva Edison''' invented the phonograph (literally meaning “sound writer”) in 1877 using tinfoil discs.  Edison was not the first to invent a mechanical device that could record sound.   The very first recording device was developed by a Frenchman '''Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville''' and patented on March 25, 1857.  His device could record sound to a visible medium, but had no means to play back the sound after it was recorded.  Edison’s device could do so.  However, Edison’s use of tinfoil for his recording and playback medium was impractical as the tinfoil tore easily, its sound was distorted and squeaky, and it was good for only a few playbacks.</span>

<span style="color:blue">A distinct improvement in sound quality and longevity was accomplished by '''Alexander Graham Bell''' at Bell’s Volta laboratory in Washington, D.C. using waxed cylinders.  Bell and his two associates developed the wax cylinders beginning in 1879 and patented the technique in 1886.</span>

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===<span style="color:teal">'''Eight Major Revolutions in Jazz'''</span>===

* <span style="color:#00008B">(1) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_Age Early jazz]  (1890-1931):  Combining [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragtime Ragtime] with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues Blues] ([http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Jelly_Roll_Morton Jelly Roll Morton] 1890-1941) </span> 
* <span style="color:#00008B">(2) [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Onttech2._What_is_swing%3F Swing] (1935-1948) ([http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Duke_Ellington Duke Ellington,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman Benny Goodman,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller Glenn Miller,] [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Count_Basie Count Basie])</span>
* <span style="color:#00008B">(3) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebop Bebop] (1941-1958)  ([http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Parker Charlie Parker] & [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Dizzy_Gillespie Dizzy Gillespie,] [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Thelonious_Monk Thelonious Monk,] [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Max_Roach Max Roach])</span>
* <span style="color:#00008B">(4) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz Latin Jazz] (1950-future) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machito Machito,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Puente Tito Puente,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal_Tjader Cal Tjader,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poncho_Sanchez Poncho Sanchez])</span>
* <span style="color:#00008B">(5) [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Onttype15._What_is_Free_Jazz%3F Free jazz] (1959-future) ([http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Ornette_Coleman Ornette Coleman,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brötzmann Peter Brötzmann] </span>
* <span style="color:#00008B">(6) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_jazz Soul Jazz] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz-funk Funk Jazz] (1965-future) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Silver Horace Silver,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley Cannonball Adderley])</span>
* <span style="color:#00008B">(7) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion Jazz-Rock Fusion] (1968-future) (after 1969 [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Miles_Davis Miles Davis,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavishnu_Orchestra Mahavishnu Orchestra,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_Report Weather Report,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_to_Forever Return to Forever])</span>
* <span style="color:#00008B">(8) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethno_jazz World fusion jazz] (1970’s-future) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Cherry_(trumpeter) Don Cherry,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Getz Stan Getz,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudresh_Mahanthappa Rudresh Mahanthappa,] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anouar_Brahem Anouar Brahem]) </span>

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====<span style="color:teal">'''Swing era musicians''' ordered by lifespan with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlinks] to biographies at Wikipedia</span>====

* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Whiteman Paul Whiteman] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1890–1967) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson Fletcher Henderson] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1897–1952) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ellington Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1899–1974) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Hines Earl Hines] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1903–1983) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Waller Fats Waller] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1943) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller Glenn Miller] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1944) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Dorsey Jimmy Dorsey] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1957) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins Coleman Hawkins] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1969) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Basie William "Count" Basie] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1984) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey Tommy Dorsey] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1905–1956) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hodges Johnny Hodges] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1907–1970) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cab_Calloway Cab Calloway] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1907–1994) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Carter Benny Carter] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1907–2003) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Tatum Art Tatum] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1909–1956) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Webster Ben Webster] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1909–1973) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman Benny Goodman] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1909–1986) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artie_Shaw Artie Shaw] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1910–2004) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_McShann Jay McShann] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1916–2006) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Christian Charlie Christian] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1918–1942) </span>

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===<span style="color:teal">'''Table of Jazz Musicians''' by Decade and Instrument</span>===

<span style="color:blue">Tables organizing musicians by dates are problematic.  By what criteria should a musician's name be associated with a date?  Should it be when he or she is born?  No, they have not yet developed musical skills or accomplishments.  Even after picking a criterion, it remains a challenge precisely where to put a particular musician into which time period. </span>

<span style="color:blue">The following table uses the criterion of placing musicians into time periods when they '''first came to prominence'''.  Most of these musicians then remained active in the field for several more decades although their names are not repeated later in the table. </span>

<span style="color:blue">Tables at PoJ.fm use the following abbreviations table to abbreviate the names of musical instruments.</span>

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====<span style="color:teal">'''Abbreviations Table''' of Musical Instruments [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlinked] to ''Wikipedia''</span>====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| style="width:40%; height:100px" border="1"
|- "
|+ '''Abbreviations Table of Musical Instruments'''
! style="background:#87D3F8;" | '''Abbreviation'''
! colspan="2" style="background:#a6ebd2;" | '''Musical Instrument'''
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">as</span> || [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_saxophone <span style="color:#00C4B0">alto saxophone </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">bgp </span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagpipe <span style="color:#00C4B0">bagpipe</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">b</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass <span style="color:#00C4B0">bass </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">bcl</span> || [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_clarinet <span style="color:#00C4B0">bass clarinet</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">bs</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone_saxophone <span style="color:#00C4B0">baritone saxophone </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">cello</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cello <span style="color:#00C4B0">cello </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">cl</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinet <span style="color:#00C4B0">clarinet </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">co</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornet <span style="color:#00C4B0">cornet </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">d</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums <span style="color:#00C4B0">drums </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">db</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass <span style="color:#00C4B0">double bass</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">eg</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_guitar <span style="color:#00C4B0">electric guitar </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">fl</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/flute <span style="color:#00C4B0">flute</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">kb</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_keyboard <span style="color:#00C4B0">keyboards</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">oud</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud <span style="color:#00C4B0">oud </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">p</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano <span style="color:#00C4B0">piano </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">perc</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion <span style="color:#00C4B0">percussion</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">pic</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piccolo <span style="color:#00C4B0">piccolo</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">p.org<span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_organ <span style="color:#00C4B0">pipe organ</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">scl</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano_clarinet <span style="color:#00C4B0">soprano clarinet</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">ss</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano_saxophone <span style="color:#00C4B0">soprano saxophone </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">tar</span> || [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tárogató <span style="color:#00C4B0">tárogató</span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">tr</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet <span style="color:#00C4B0">trumpet </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">trb</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombone <span style="color:#00C4B0">trombone </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">ts</span> || [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor_saxophone <span style="color:#00C4B0">tenor saxophone </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">vibes</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibraphone <span style="color:#00C4B0">vibraphone </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">vio</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin <span style="color:#00C4B0">violin </span>]
|- style="text-align:center"
| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++</span><span style="color:#007FFF">voc</span> || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocalist <span style="color:#00C4B0">vocalist </span>]
|-
|}

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===<span style="color:teal">'''Table of Musicians''' by Decade and Musical Instruments</span>===
<br/>

<span style="color:red">'''NOTE''': In this table, one can click on any item as a hyperlink for more information except for the top headings or musical instruments' abbreviations. </span> 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! style="background:purple; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:white">Time</span> !! style="background:#6A323F; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:white">Style</span> !! style="background:#F70D1A; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:white">Horn Player </span> !! style="background:#0007E6; style=text-align: center;" |  <span style="color:white">Pianist </span> !! style="background:brown; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:white">Composer/Arranger </span> !! style="background:green; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:white">Rhythm Section</span> 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920s_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF"> '''1920s''' </span>]</div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_Age <span style="color:#6A323F">'''Early jazz''']</span></div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Bolden Buddy Bolden] (cor)<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Oliver Joe "King" Oliver] (cor)<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_LaRocca Nick LaRocca] (cor/tr)<br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Sydney_Bechet Sidney Bechet] (cl) <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Louis_Armstrong Louis Armstrong] (tr)<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bix_Beiderbecke Bix Beiderbecke] (cor) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Teagarden Jack Teagarden] (trb) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory Kid Ory] (trb) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Nichols Red Nichols] (cor) </span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:blue">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_P_Johnson James&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Johnson]<br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Jelly_Roll_Morton Jelly&nbsp;Roll&nbsp;Morton]<br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Jackson_(pianist) Tony Jackson] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Hines Earl Hines] </span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:brown">[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Jelly_Roll_Morton Jelly Roll Morton]</span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#06F40E">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Dodds Baby Dodds] (d) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zutty_Singleton Zutty Singleton] (d) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pops_Foster Pops Foster] </span> <span style="color:blue">(b) </span>
|-
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930s_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF">'''Early 1930s'''</span>]</div>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_band <span style="color:#6A323F">'''Dance band'''</span>]</div>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A"> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Eldridge Roy Eldridge] (tr) <br/> [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Coleman_Hawkins Coleman Hawkins] (ts)<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hodges Johnny Hodges] (as/ss)<br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Carter Benny Carter] (as/cl/tr) <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Webster Ben Webster] (ts) </span>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:blue">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Hines Earl Hines] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Waller Fats Waller] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Tatum Art Tatum] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy_Wilson Teddy Wilson] </span> 
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:brown">[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Duke_Ellington Duke Ellington] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson Fletcher Henderson] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cab_Calloway Cab Calloway] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Carter Benny Carter] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey Tommy Dorsey] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller Glenn Miller] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman Benny Goodman] <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artie_Shaw Artie Shaw] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Basie Count Basie] </span>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#06F40E"> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Webb Chick Webb] (d) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Tough Dave Tough] (d) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_Catlett Sid Catlett] (d) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Krupa Gene Krupa] (d) <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt_Hinton Milt Hinton] </span> <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> 
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF">'''1935'''-</span>][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_in_jazz<span style="color:#6A32CF">'''1950'''</span>]</div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_music <span style="color:#6A323F">'''Swing'''</span>]</div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A">[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Lester_Young Lester Young] (ts/cl) 
<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cootie_Williams Cootie Williams] (tr) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hodges Johnny Hodges] (ts) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gonsalves Paul Gonsalves] (ts) <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Coleman_Hawkins Coleman Hawkins] (ts) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Webster Ben Webster] (ts) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Eldridge Roy Eldridge] (tr)<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Edison Harry Edison] (tr)<br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cootie_Williams Cootie Williams] (ts) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Shavers Charlie Shavers] (tr)</span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Duke_Ellington Duke Ellington] <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_King_Cole Nat King Cole] <br/> [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Count_Basie Count Basie] <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy_Wilson Teddy Wilson] <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erroll_Garner Erroll Garner] <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Peterson Oscar Peterson]
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_McShann Jay McShann] <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Duke_Ellington Duke Ellington] 
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Count_Basie Count Basie Band&nbsp;‘37-’43]<br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Christian Charlie Christian] <span style="color:green">(g) </span>  <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Ellis Herb Ellis] <span style="color:green">(g) </span> <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Kessell Barney Kessell] <span style="color:green">(g) </span><br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt Django Reinhardt] <span style="color:green">(g) </span>  <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Hampton Lionel Hampton] <span style="color:purple"> (vibes) </span> <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Blanton Jimmy Blanton] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Page Walter Page] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/> [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_Stewart Sllam Stewart] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Jones Jo Jones] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span><br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Woodyard Sam Woodyard] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span> <br/> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br/><span style="color:#CC00FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday Billie Holiday] (voc) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinah_Washington Dinah Washington] (voc) <br/>[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald Ella Fitzgerald] (voc) </span>
|-
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF"> '''Early 1940s''' </span>]</div>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebop <span style="color:#6A323F">'''Bebop'''</span>]</div>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A">[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Parker Charlie Parker] (as) <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Dizzy_Gillespie Dizzy Gillespie] (tr/p/conga) <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Lester_Young Lester Young] (ts/cl) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins Coleman Hawkins] (ts) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Eldridge Roy Eldridge] (tr) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Stitt Sonny Stitt] (as/ts) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Thompson Lucky&nbsp;Thompson&nbsp;] (ts/ss) <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Navarro Fats Navarro] (tr) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dorham Kenny Dorham] (tr) <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Miles_Davis Miles Davis] (tr) </span>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Thelonious_Monk Thelonious&nbsp;Monk] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Powell Bud Powell] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Jordan Duke Jordan] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Haig Al Haig]
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Thelonious_Monk Thelonious Monk] <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Parker Charlie Parker] <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Dizzy_Gillespie Dizzy Gillespie] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadd_Dameron Tadd Dameron]
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Christian Charlie Christian] <span style="color:green">(electric guitar) </span>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Max_Roach Max Roach] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt_Hinton Milt Hinton] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Haynes Roy Haynes] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Clarke Kenny Clarke] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Pettiford Oscar Pettiford] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Potter Tommy Potter] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charles_Mingus Charles Mingus] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Art_Blakey Art Blakey] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d)</span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Jones Jo Jones] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span> <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt_Jackson Milt Jackson] <span style="color:purple">(vibes) </span>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF">1943-</span>][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF">1948 </span>] </div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebop <span style="color:#6A323F">'''Bebop'''</span>]</div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Gordon Dexter Gordon] (ts) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Winding Kai Winding] (trb) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Eager Allen Eager] (as/ts) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Johnson J.J. Johnson] (trb) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Payne Cecil Payne] (b) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Stitt Sonny Stitt] (as) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dorham Kenny Dorham] (tr) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Navarro Fats Navarro] (tr) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Rollins Sonny Rollins] (ts) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Moody_(saxophonist) James Moody] (ts) <br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Brown Clifford Brown] (tr) <br/> </span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" |
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Kenton Stan Kenton] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman Benny Goodman] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Herman Woody Herman] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Thornhill Claude Thornhill] 
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philly_Jo_Jones Philly Jo Jones] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span>  <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Brown_(musician) Ray Brown] <span style="color:blue">(b) </span> <br/>
|-
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950s_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF"> '''Early 1950s''' </span>]</div>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz <span style="color:#6A323F">'''Cool jazz'''</span>]</div>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A">[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Miles_Davis Miles Davis] (tr) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan Gerry Mulligan] (bs) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Konitz Lee Konitz] (as) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warne_Marsh Warne Marsh] (ts) </span>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:blue">[http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Lennie_Tristano Lennie Tristano] </span>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:brown">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Evans Gil Evans] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianist) John Lewis] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan Gerry Mulligan] </span>
! style="background:#FFF8DC; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#06F40E">drummers </span>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s_in_jazz <span style="color:#6A32CF">'''Late 1950s - Early 1960s'''</span>]</div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <div align="center">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_jazz <span style="color:#6A323F">'''West coast jazz'''</span>]</div>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:#F70D1A">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Pepper Art Pepper] (as) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chet_Baker Chet Baker] (tr) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Getz Stan Getz] (ts) <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan Gerry Mulligan] (bs) </span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:blue">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Brubeck Dave Brubeck] </span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:brown">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan Gerry Mulligan] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorty_Rogers Shorty Rogers] <br/>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Guiffre Jimmy Giuffre] </span>
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFFF0; style=text-align: center;" | <span style="color:green">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico_Hamilton Chico Hamilton] <span style="color:#06F40E">(d) </span> </span> 
|}

----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Early Jazz Styles and Some of Their Representatives'''</span>===

====<span style="color:teal">'''Early''' Jazz</span>====

* <span style="color:#3F00FF">Dixieland –  (<span style="color:#9F1D35">Original Dixieland Jazz Band</span>) </span>

<div align="center">
[[file:Original_Dixieland2.jpeg]]
</div>
----
* <span style="color:#3F00FF">Ragtime – (<span style="color:#9F1D35">Scott Joplin (p)</span>) </span>

<div align="center">
[[file:Scott_Joplin.jpeg]]
</div>
----

====<span style="color:teal">'''Table of Early Jazz Musicians''' by Instrument and Lifespan Dates</span>====

*<span style="color:purple">Ragtime, Dixieland, Piano Professors </span>
* <span style="color:purple">Migration from New Orleans to other large cities (Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Kansas City, Memphis, etc.) </span>

: <span style="color:red">'''NOTE:'''  Click on musician's name or musical instrument below for more information. </span> 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! Musician !! Instrument !! Lifespan Dates
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Bolden Buddy Bolden] </span></div>||  <div align="center">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornet <span style="color:#C71585">Cornet</span>]</div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1877–1930</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Oliver Joe "King" Oliver]</span></div> || <div align="center">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornet <span style="color:#C71585">Cornet</span>]</div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1885–1938 </span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory Kid Ory]</span></div> || <div align="center">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombone <span style="color:#C71585">Trombone</span>]</div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1886–1973 </span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Keppard Freddie Keppard] </span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornet Cornet]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1889–1933</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_LaRocca Nick LaRocca]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornet Cornet,] [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet Trumpet]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1889–1961</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton Jelly Roll Morton]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano Piano]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1890–1941</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_St._Cyr Johnny St. Cyr]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo Banjo]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1890–1966</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Dodds Johnny Dodds]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinet Clarinet]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1892–1940</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Bechet Sidney Bechet]</span></div> || <div align="center">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinet <span style="color:#C71585">Clarinet</span>]</div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1897–1959</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_%22The_Lion%22_Smith Willie "The Lion" Smith]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Stride piano</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1897–1973</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil_Hardin_Armstrong Lil Hardin Armstrong]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Piano</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1898–1971</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_%22Satchmo%22_Armstrong Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Cornet, Trumpet</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1901–1971</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bix_Beiderbecke Bix Beiderbecke]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Cornet</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1903–1931</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_%22Fatha%22_Hines Earl "Fatha" Hines]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Piano</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1903–1983</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Nichols Red Nichols]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Cornet</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1905–1965</span></div>
|-
| <div align="center"><span style="color:#0010FF">[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Tatum Art Tatum]</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#C71585">Piano</span></div> || <div align="center"><span style="color:#519D7F">1909–1956</span></div>
|}

----

<div align="center">[[file:OriginalDixielandJazzBandBWHorizontal1.jpeg]]</div>
<div align="center">(Original Dixieland Jazz Band)</div> <br/>

===<span style="color:teal">'''Jazz in the 1920’s''': Ragtime & Blues</span>===

====<span style="color:teal">Original Dixieland Jazz Band, Joe “King” Oliver (cornet), Louis Armstrong (trumpet), Jelly Roll Morton (piano), Bix Beiderbecke (trumpet), Sidney Bechet (clarinet)</span>====

----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Jazz in the 1930s''': Big Band & Swing:  Big band orchestras of: Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie</span>===

<span style="color:blue">1931–1957</span>

<span style="color:#E34234">Count Basie, Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Earl Hines, Jimmie Lunceford, Tommy Dorsey, Mills Blue Rhythm Band, Fletcher Henderson, Woody Herman, Artie Shaw, Chick Webb, Don Redman, Charlie Barnet, Casa Loma Orchestra, Lionel Hampton & Claude Hopkins, Georgie Auld, Cab Calloway, Bob Crosby, Jimmie Dorsey, Teddy Hill, Harry James, Gene Krupa, Stan Kenton, Glenn Miller, Shorty Rogers, Pete Rugolo, and Jack Teagarden. </span>

<span style="color:#E34234">1930–40s: Buddy Tate, Earle Warren, Jo Jones, Dickie Wells and Buck Clayton, Andy Kirk, John Hammond. </span>
----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Swing era musicians''' ordered by lifespan with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlinks] to biographies at Wikipedia</span>===

* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Whiteman Paul Whiteman] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1890–1967) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson Fletcher Henderson] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1897–1952) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ellington Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1899–1974) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Hines Earl Hines] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1903–1983) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Waller Fats Waller] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1943) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller Glenn Miller] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1944) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Dorsey Jimmy Dorsey] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1957) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins Coleman Hawkins] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1969) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Basie William "Count" Basie] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1904–1984) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey Tommy Dorsey] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1905–1956) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hodges Johnny Hodges] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1907–1970) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cab_Calloway Cab Calloway] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1907–1994) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Carter Benny Carter] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1907–2003) </span>
* [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Tatum Art Tatum] <span style="color:#FA5B3D">(1909–1956) </span>

----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Big Band''' Jazz (1920's-1940's)</span>===

<span style="color:blue">[http://www.thoughtco.com/michael-verity-2039108 Michael Verity] explains below in green font how jazz began to switch from group and big band arrangements in the late 1930's-early 1940's to increased emphasis on individual solo improvisations.   The innovations of '''Coleman Hawkins''' (1904-1969) and '''Lester Young''' (1909-1959) helped lead to further developments later in Bebop.</span>

<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" 
|-
|
[[Image:Coleman_Hawkins_right.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|<span style="visibility: hidden;">+++</span>Coleman Hawkins]]
||
[[Image:Coleman_Hawkins_publicity_small.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|<span style="visibility: hidden;">+++</span>Coleman Hawkins]] 
||
[[Image:Lester_Young_sitting_right.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|<span style="visibility: hidden;">++++++</span>Lester Young]]
||
[[Image:Lester_Young_graysuit_small.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|<span style="visibility: hidden;">+++++</span>Lester Young]]
|}
</center>

<blockquote><span style="color:green">“In 1922, '''Coleman Hawkins''' moved to New York, where he joined '''Fletcher Henderson’s''' (pictured below) orchestra.  Inspired by '''Louis Armstrong''' who briefly toured with the group, '''''Hawkins resolved to create an individualistic improvisation style'''''. </span>


<span style="color:green">The '''''primacy of the soloist''''' was budding thanks to '''Armstrong’s Hot Five recordings''' on Okeh Records. Famous songs included “Struttin’ With Some Barbecue,” and “Big Butter and Egg Man.” Saxophonist '''Sidney Bechet’s''' virtuosity was documented as well, with his 1923 recording of “Wild Cat Blues” and “Kansas City Blues.” </span> 

<span style="color:green">In 1927, cornetist '''Bix Beiderbecke''' recorded “In a Mist” with C-melody saxophone player '''Frankie Trumbauer'''.  Their refined and introspective approach contrasted with the gregarious New Orleans style.  Tenor saxophonist '''Lester Young''' brought the style to prominence, and offered an alternative to the gruffer playing of '''Coleman Hawkins'''. </span>

<span style="color:green">It wasn’t just in tone that the two differed. '''Young’s specialty''' was '''embellishing and creating melodies''', while '''Hawkins''' became an expert at '''outlining chord changes by playing arpeggios'''. The '''convergence of these two approaches''' were integral in the '''development of bebop''' in later years.”</span><ref>[http://www.thoughtco.com/jazz-by-decade-1930-1940-2039541 "Jazz by Decade 1930-40"] <span style="color:blue">by Michael Verity at ThoughtCo.com</span></ref> <span style="color:blue">(bold not in original)</span>
</blockquote>


* <span style="color:#3F00FF">"Sweet" Big Band Dance Orchestras - "sweet" meant more lyrical, slow, and popular (<span style="color:#9F1D35">as represented by '''Paul Whiteman’s''' band</span>) </span>

<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" 
|-
|
[[Image:Paul_Whiteman_victrola.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left| <span style="visibility: hidden;">++++++</span>Paul Whiteman]]
||
[[Image:Paul_Whiteman_record.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|Paul Whiteman LP Record]] 
||
[[Image:PaulWhitemanKingOfJazz.jpeg|link=http://flic.kr/p/2dE4N6t|284x210px|thumb|left|<span style="visibility: hidden;">++++++</span>
[http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jazz King of Jazz]]]
||
[[Image: Paul_Whiteman_portrait.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|Portrait of Paul Whiteman]]
|}
</center>

----

* <span style="color:#3F00FF">"Hot" Big Band Dance Orchestras - "hot" meant faster, energetic, more powerful – </span>(<span style="color:#9F1D35">as represented by '''Glenn Miller''' or '''Fletcher Henderson’s''' Orchestras</span>)

<div align="center"><span style="color:#9F1D35">Glenn Miller </span></div> <br/>

<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" 
|-
|
[[Image:Glenn_Miller_Walking_Towards.jpeg|link=http://flic.kr/p/4njHQz|284x210px|thumb|left|Glenn Miller]]
||
[[Image:Glenn_Miller_markee.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|Glenn Miller markee]] 
||
[[Image:Glenn_Miller_reversed3.jpeg|thumb|left|<span style="visibility: hidden;">++++++</span> Glenn Miller]]
||
[[Image:Paul_Whiteman_portrait.jpeg|284x210px|thumb|left|Portrait of Paul Whiteman]]
|}
</center>

----

<div align="center"><span style="color:#9F1D35">Fletcher Henderson </span></div> <br/>
[[file:Fletcher_Henderson_at_piano.jpeg]] <span style="visibility: hidden;">+</span><span style="visibility: hidden;">+</span>[[file:Fletcher_Henderson_music.jpeg]]<span style="visibility: hidden;">+</span>[[file:Fletcher_Henderson_left4.jpeg]]

----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Swing''' Bands (1935-1945)</span>===

* <span style="color:#3F00FF">Swing - Swing music became popular around 1935 (although it began in the 1920s).  It is distinguished by a more supple feel than the more literal 4/4 timing of earlier jazz with a walking bass line developed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Page Walter Page] – (<span style="color:#9F1D35">Duke Ellington’s or Count Basie's Orchestras</span>) </span>

----

=====<span style="color:teal">'''Duke Ellington'''</span>=====

<div align="center"><span style="color:#9F1D35">Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington </span></div> <br/>
[[file:Duke_Ellington_standing.jpeg]] <span style="visibility: hidden;">+</span>[[file:Duke_Ellington_right.jpeg]]<span style="visibility: hidden;">+</span>[[file:Duke_Ellington_left2.jpeg]]<span style="visibility: hidden;">+</span>[[file:Duke_Ellington_orchestra2.jpeg]]
----

=====<span style="color:teal">'''Count Basie'''</span>=====
<div align="center"><span style="color:#9F1D35">William "Count" Basie </span></div> <br/>

[[file:Count_Basie_America.jpeg]]<span style="visibility: hidden;">+++++</span>
<span style="visibility: hidden;">+++++</span>
<span style="visibility: hidden;">+++++</span>
----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Table of Bebop''' Musicians by Instrument (early 1940's-1955)</span>===


* <span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Bebop''' developed in the 1940's and is characterized by '''sophisticated improvisations''' involving '''fast tempos''' with '''rhythmic unpredictability''' and '''harmonic complexity'''. </span>  [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebop ''Wikipedia'': Bebop] <span style="color:#9F1D35">explains that Bebop musicians </span><span style="color:green">“explored advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords, extended chords, chord substitutions, asymmetrical phrasing, and intricate melodies.” </span><span style="color:#9F1D35">The term “bebop” is an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomatopoeia onomatopoeic] reference to the accented melodic lines and references the rhythmic punches heard in the music.  A typical Bebop band consisted usually of '''saxophone''' and '''trumpet''' with rhythm sections of '''piano''', '''bass''', and '''drums'''.  Because the band had fewer members bebop shifted musical focus from complex band arrangements to increased improvisation and interaction between members.  The '''Bebop rhythm section''' (piano, bass, drums) innovated as well in that their roles were expanded from just being time-keepers to interacting with soloists and adding their own embellishments.  Bebop drummers [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Clarke Kenny Clarke] and [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Roach Max Roach] often get credited for shifting focus from the [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_drum bass drum] to the [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride_cymbal ride cymbal] as the '''main time-keeping element''' of the drum set.</span><ref><span style="color:green">“The man given credit for founding Bop (or "klook-mop") drumming is Kenneth (Klook) Clarke, who was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1914.  He had the house band at Minton's Playhouse in New York, where, along with musicians such as Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, and Dizzy Gillespie, they experimented with, and developed the bebop style of playing.  Clarke had been experimenting prior to this, in the late thirties, and had been let go by Louis Armstrong and Teddy Hill because of it.  Clarke's playing was said to be a model of solidity and good taste, and his use and non-use of the bass drum was widely copied.  Clarke influenced many young drummers, including Max Roach, in the early forties.”</span> <span style="color:blue">(Thomas Shultz, [http://www.volusiagig.com/music/Historyjazzdrumming.pdf ''A History of Jazz Drumming'',] 1979, 123)</span></ref>  <span style="color:blue">This permitted greater flexibility in a group's overall sound and allowed soloist's room to experiment with rhythm while enabling drummers to interact more easily with soloists.</span>


<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! style="background:#D0FFF0; style=text-align: center;" | Trumpet 🎺 
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFFAD0; style=text-align: center;" | Saxophone 🎷 
! style="background:#EDECCE; style=text-align: center;" | Piano 🎹 
! style="background:#F0F8FF; style=text-align: center;" | Bass 🎻 
! style="background:#EEEAD6; style=text-align: center;" | Drums 🥁 
! style="background:#FFC09F; style=text-align: center;" | Guitar 🎸 
! style="background:#FEE0AF; style=text-align: center;" | Miscellaneous 🎼
|-
| [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Dizzy_Gillespie John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie] || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Parker Charlie "Bird" Parker] (as) || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Thelonious_Monk Thelonious Monk] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Pettiford Oscar Pettiford] (cello) || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Max_Roach Max Roach]  || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charlie_Christian Charlie Christian] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Johnson J.J. Johnson] (trb)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Navarro Fats Navarro] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Stitt Sonny Stitt] (ts/as) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Powell Bud Powell] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Brown_(musician) Ray Brown] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Clarke Kenny Clarke] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Burrell Kenny Burrell] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt_Jackson Milt Jackson] (vibes)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Brown Clifford Brown] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Gordon Dexter Gordon] (ts) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Jones Hank Jones] || [http://www.discogs.com/artist/2329916-Eddie-Robinson-4?anv=Ed+Robinson&filter_anv=1 Edward Robinson] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denzil_Best Denzil Best] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Ellis Herb Ellis] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_DeFranco Buddy  DeFranco] (cl)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Guy_(musician) Joe Guy]  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Rollins Sonny Rollins] (ts) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Hart_(pianist) Clyde Hart] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt_Hinton Milt Hinton] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Haynes Roy Haynes]  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Kessel Barney Kessel] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Fontana Carl Fontana] (trb)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dorham Kenny Dorham] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Moody_(saxophonist) James Moody] (ts/fl) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erroll_Garner Erroll Garner] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Ramey Gene Ramey] || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Art_Blakey Art Blakey] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Martino Pat Martino] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Fuller Curtis Fuller] (trb)
|-
| [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Miles_Davis Miles Davis] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Byas Don Byas] (ts) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Haig Al Haig] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Potter Tommy Potter] || [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ed-nicholson-mn0001544148/credits Eddie Nicholson] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Montgomery Wes Montgomery] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Rosolino Frank Rosolino] (trb)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chet_Baker Chet Baker] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Ammons Gene Ammons] (ts) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo_Marmarosa Dodo Marmarosa] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_Stewart Slam Stewart] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Cobb Jimmy Cobb] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Pass Joe Pass] || 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_McGhee Howard McGhee] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Parker Leo Parker] (baritone) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadik_Hakim Sadik Hakim] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curley_Russell Curley Russell] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Levey Stan Levey] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Raney Jimmy Raney] ||
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mitchell Blue Mitchell] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Thompson Lucky Thompson] (ts/ss) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianist) John Lewis] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Chambers Paul Chambers] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philly_Joe_Jones Philly Joe Jones] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_Singer Ronnie Singer] ||
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Morgan Lee Morgan] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardell_Gray Wardell Gray] (ts) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad_Dameron Tad Dameron] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Heath Percy Heath] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Ineke Eric Ineke] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Kitto Carlton Kitto] ||  
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rodney Red Rodney] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley Julian "Cannonball" Adderley] (as) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennie_Tristano Lennie Tristano] || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charles_Mingus Charles Mingus] (p) ||  ||  ||
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Zandy Ed Zandy] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Konitz Lee Konitz] (as) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Davis_Jr. Walter Davis, Jr.] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_McPherson_(musician) Charles McPherson] (as) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Harris Barry Harris] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Morgan_(musician) Frank Morgan] (as) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal Ahmad Jamal] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Pepper Art Pepper] (as) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Jordan Duke Jordan] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_Adams Pepper Adams] (bs) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Levy_(pianist) Lou Levy] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#John_Coltrane John Coltrane] (ts/ss) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Peterson Oscar Peterson] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Rouse Charlie Rouse] (ts) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Silver Horace Silver] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| ||  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallington George Wallington] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| ||  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Evans Bill Evans] ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
|}
</div>

----
'''SWING ERA''' including trumpeters Joe Guy, Hot Lips Page, Roy Eldridge
----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Jazz in the 1940’s''':  Roy Eldridge (trumpet), Coleman Hawkins (tenor saxophone), Ben Webster (tenor saxophone), Lester Young (tenor saxophone)</span>===

----

===<span style="color:teal">'''Jazz in the 1950’s – Bebop''': Charlie “Bird” Parker (alto saxophone)</span>===


----
====<span style="color:teal">Cool Jazz, West Coast Jazz, Hard-Bop and Modern Mainstream</span>====

<span style="color:#E34234">'''Cool Jazz''': </span> <span style="color:#A40000">Miles Davis, Dave Brubeck, Modern Jazz Quartet, Lee Konitz, Gerry Mulligan, Shorty Rogers, Tony Scott & Bill Evans, J. J. Johnson, Lennie Tristano. </span>
 
<span style="color:#E34234">'''West Coast''': </span><span style="color:#A40000">Stan Getz ("West Coast Jazz"), Chet Baker ("Chet Baker and Crew"), Gerry Mulligan ("California Concerts"), Chico Hamilton ("Quintet; With Strings Attached"), Harold Land ("West Coast Blues"), Jimmy Giuffre ("Jimmy Guiffre 3"), Herb Geller, Barney Kessel, Clifford Brown, Tadd Dameron, Serge Chaloff, Shelly Manne, Art Pepper ("Surf Ride"), Shorty Rogers, Bill Perkins ("Octet"; "On Stage"), Howard Rumsey ("Howard Rumsey's Lighthouse Allstars"; "Lighthouse at Laguna"), Marty Paich ("I Got a Boot Out of You"), Curtis Counce ("Carl's Blues"), Stu Williamson ("Stu Williamson Plays"), Red Callendar ("Swingin' Suite"), Gerald Wiggins ("Trio"; "Wiggin' with Wig"), Bob Brookmeyer ("The Modernity of Bob Brookmeyer"), Dave Pell ("Octet"; "Love Story"), Teddy Edwards ("Sunset Eyes").</span>

<span style="color:#E34234">'''Hard Bop''': </span><span style="color:#A40000">Clifford Brown, John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Art Blakey, Cannonball Adderley, Thelonious Monk, Lee Morgan, Horace Silver, Jimmy Smith, Cannonball Adderley, Nat Adderley, Art Blakey, Thelonious Monk, Sony Clark, Paul Chambers, Miles Davis, Kenny Dorham, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, Thad Jones, Jackie McLean, Charlie Mingus, Hank Mobley, Max Roach, Prestige All-Stars. </span> 

<span style="color:#E34234">'''Modern Mainstream''': </span><span style="color:#A40000">Dizzy Gillespie, Mose Allison, Kenny Burrell, Al Cohn, Zoot Sims, Herb Ellis, Erroll Garner, Dizzy Gillespie, Sonny Rollins, Sonny Stitt, Milt Jackson, J. J. Johnson, Kai Winding, Quincy Jones, Oscar Peterson, Buddy DeFranco, Oscar Peterson, Zoot Sims, Birdland Stars, Four Brothers. </span>

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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Cool jazz/West Coast jazz''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Miles Davis''' (tr), '''Chet Baker''' (tr), '''Gerry Mulligan''' (bs), '''Dave Brubeck''' (p), '''Lennie Tristano''' (p)</span>) </span>

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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Bossa Nova''' — Brazilian music and jazz  (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Stan Getz''' (ts)</span>) </span>

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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Modal Jazz''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Miles Davis’s''' “Kind of Blue”</span>) </span>


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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Hard Bop''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Art Blakey’s''' Jazz Messengers, '''Horace Silver''' (p), '''Clifford Brown''' (tr), '''Lou Donaldson''' (as), '''Max Roach''' (d), '''Miles Davis''' (tr) in the early 1950's, '''Jimmy Smith''' (org), '''Stanley Turrentine''' (ts), '''Julian "Cannonball" Adderley''' (as), '''Johnny Griffin''' (ts), '''Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis''' (ts), '''Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland''' Big Band, '''Charlie Rouse''' (ts,fl)</span>) </span>


: <span style="color:blue">'''Horace Silver''', '''Cannonball Adderley''', the stark, astringent, tormented music of saxophonists '''Jackie McLean''', and '''Tina Brooks'''; the gentler, more lyrical contributions of trumpeter '''Art Farmer''', pianists '''Hank Jones''' and '''Tommy Flanagan''', composer '''Gigi Gryce'''; and such consciously experimental and truly one-of-a-kind players and composers as '''Andrew Hill''', '''Sonny Rollins''', '''John Coltrane''', '''Charles Mingus'''.</span>



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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Free jazz''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Ornette Coleman''' (ts,as,vio,tr), '''Peter Brötzmann''' (as), '''Albert Ayler''' (ts,as)</span>) </span>


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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Soul Jazz''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Cannonball Adderley''' (as), '''Horace Silver''' (p)</span>) </span>


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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Latin Jazz''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Machito''' (voc, conductor, maraca's), '''Tito Puente''' (timbales), '''Cal Tjader''' (vibes), '''Poncho Sanchez''' (congas)</span>) </span>



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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Third Stream''' — classical music & jazz (<span style="color:#9F1D35">'''Paul Whiteman''' (viola, violin, conductor), '''Gunther Schuller''' (theorist, conductor, French horn, fl), '''Modern Jazz Quartet'''</span>)</span>



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* <span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Jazz-Rock fusion''' — (<span style="color:#9F1D35">post 1969 '''Miles Davis''', '''Mahavishnu Orchestra''', '''Weather Report''', '''Return to Forever'''</span>) </span>

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===<span style="color:#3F00FF">'''Table of Post Bop''' jazz musicians by instrument </span>===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! style="background:#ADF7B6; style=text-align: center;" | Trumpet 🎺 
! style="background:#F0FFFF; style=text-align: center;" | Saxophone 🎷 
! style="background:#F6F6F6; style=text-align: center;" |  Trombone [[file:trombone1.jpeg]]
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background:#FFED99; style=text-align: center;" | Piano 🎹 
! style="background:#FBDBF9; style=text-align: center;" | Double Bass [[file:DoubleBass2.png]]
! style="background:#F5F5DC; style=text-align: center;" | Drums 🥁
! style="background:#FFC09F; style=text-align: center;" | Guitar 🎸
! style="background:#FEE0AF; style=text-align: center;" | Miscellaneous 🎼
|-
| [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Miles_Davis Miles Davis] (1956-68) || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#John_Coltrane John Coltrane] (ts/as/ss/fl/bcl)  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Johnson J. J. Johnson] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Flanagan Tommy Flanagan] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Chambers Paul Chambers] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philly_Joe_Jones “Philly Joe” Jones] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Burrell Kenny Burrell] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Guiffre Jimmy Guiffre] (cl)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard Freddie Hubbard] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Dolphy Eric Dolphy] (as/bcl/fl/scl/bs/piccolo) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Fuller Curtis Fuller] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbie_Hancock Herbie Hancock] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Carter Ron Carter] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Cobb Jimmy Cobb] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Pass Joe Pass] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Dolphy Eric Dolphy] (as/fl/cl/bcl/piccolo)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Morgan Lee Morgan] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley Julian “Cannonball” Adderley] (as) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCoy_Tyner McCoy Tyner] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Garrison Jimmy Garrison] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer) Tony Williams] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Montgomery Wes Montgomery] ||  
|-   
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Shaw Woody Shaw] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Shorter Wayne Shorter] (as/ss) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Garland Red Garland] || [http://philosophyofjazz.net/wiki/Ep16._What_are_jazz_legend%27s_notable_accomplishments%3F#Charles_Mingus Charles Mingus] (p) || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvin_Jones Elvin Jones] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Hall Jim Hall] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Young Larry Young] (org)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_Little Booker Little] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Coleman George Coleman] (as/ts) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Evans Bill Evans] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_LaFaro Scott LaFaro]  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Motian Paul Motian] ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Thielmans Toots Thielemans] (harmonica)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Adderley Nat Adderley] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Rollins Sonny Rollins] (ts) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynton_Kelly Wynton Kelly] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Brown Ray Brown] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Higgins Billy Higgins] ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Hutcherson Bobby Hutcherson] (vibes)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ayler Donald Ayler] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_McLean Jackie McLean] (as) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Jones Hank Jones] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Heath Percy Heath] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Riley Ben Riley] ||   || 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Byrd Donald Byrd] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Gordon Dexter Gordon] (ts) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Timmons Bobby Timmons] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Jones_(musician) Sam Jones] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Blackwell Ed Blackwell] ||   || 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Carter Benny Carter] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Henderson Joe Henderson] (ts) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_Waldron Mal Waldron] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster_Williams Buster Williams] ||   ||   || 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Curson Ted Curson] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Rouse Charlie Rouse] (ts/fl) ||   || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Hill_(jazz_musician) Andrew Hill] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggie_Workman Reggie Workman] ||   ||   || 
|-
|  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Lovano Joe Lovano] (ts) ||  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Walton Cedar Walton] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Watkins Doug Watkins] ||  || || 
|-
|  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Woods Phil Woods] (as) ||  ||  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Corea Chick Corea] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Mitchell Red Mitchell] ||  ||  || 
|-
|  ||  ||  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal Ahmad Jamal] ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
|  ||  ||  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Evans Gil Evans] (orch) ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
|}

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===<span style="color:#3F00FF">Table of '''Post Bop Jazz Vocalists'''</span>===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! Female 👩‍🎤  !! Male 👨‍🎤 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Vaughn Sarah Vaughn] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Hendricks Jon Hendricks]
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Carter Betty Carter] || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Jefferson Eddie Jefferson]
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_McRae Carmen McRae] || 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Lincoln Abbey Lincoln] ||  
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Horn Shirley Horn] || 
|-
|  ||  
|-
|  || 
|-
|  ||  
|-
|}

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[[file:BlueButtonBullet18.png]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethno_jazz <span style="color:#3F00FF">World fusion jazz </span>] — ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakti <span style="color:#9F1D35">Shakti, </span>] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguyen_Le <span style="color:#9F1D35">Nguyen Le</span>])


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[[file:BlueButtonBullet18.png]] <span style="color:#3F00FF">Heavy Metal Jazz — ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Exit <span style="color:#9F1D35">Last Exit</span>]) </span>


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[[file:BlueButtonBullet18.png]] <span style="color:#3F00FF">Creative Improvised Music — heavy blowing, traditional/non-traditional, and free ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Ra <span style="color:#9F1D35">Sun Ra, </span>] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brotzmann <span style="color:#9F1D35">Peter  Brötzmann, </span>] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Braxton <span style="color:#9F1D35">Anthony Braxton, </span>] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AACM <span style="color:#9F1D35">AACM, </span>] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Threadgill <span style="color:#9F1D35">Henry Threadgill</span>]) </span>


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[[file:BlueButtonBullet18.png]] <span style="color:#9F1D35">color </span>

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==<span style="color:fuchsia">'''Internet Resources''' on Jazz History</span>==

[[file:RedMatteSphereBullet16.png]]  [http://www.jazzinamerica.org/JazzResources/Timeline '''Jazz Timeline''' from Jazz in America (Herbie Hancock Institute, formerly Thelonious Monk Institute)] <br/> 
[[file:RedMatteSphereBullet16.png]]  [http://pdalbury.wordpress.com/2012/09/15/jazz-family-tree/ '''Jazz Family Tree''' by Styles & Dates (1863-1980)] <br/> <br/> <div align="center">[[file:JazzFamilyTree.jpeg|link=http://pdalbury.wordpress.com/2012/09/15/jazz-family-tree/]]</div> <br/>

<div align="center">[[file:FlowOfJazzStyles.jpeg]]</div> <br/> 

[[file:RedMatteSphereBullet16.png]]  [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_drumming ''Wikipedia'': Jazz drumming] <br/> 
[[file:RedMatteSphereBullet16.png]]  [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_improvisation ''Wikipedia'': Improvisation] <br/> 


[[file:RedMatteSphereBullet16.png]] [http://www.wtju.net/jazz100years/  “Jazz at 100”] <span style="color:blue">University of Virginia's  WTJU 91.1 FM 📻 </span> <br/> 
<blockquote><span style="color:green">“One hundred years of jazz recordings in 100 one-hour programs that will present representative music from a century of recorded jazz history since the 1917 recordings by the Original Dixieland Jazz band. The series explores the broad sweep of that narrative, its representative and its idiosyncratic players, its durable movements and dead ends, and its popular recordings and rarities.”  </span>
</blockquote> <br/> <br/> 

[[file:Original_dixieland_jazz_band.jpeg]]

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=='''NOTES'''==
<references/>

</div>